Health and Disease Determinants (2024/2025) PDF

Health and Disease,Determinants of health, Disease prevention, Screening programmes Intruduction Definitions and models of health  WHO definition of health (1948) Biomedical model of health Holistic approa...

Health and Disease,Determinants of health, Disease prevention, Screening programmes Intruduction Definitions and models of health  WHO definition of health (1948) Biomedical model of health Holistic approach to health  Biopsychosocial model of health  Bio-psycho-socio- environmental model of health Pathogenetic x Salutogenetic model of health PAT H O G E N E T I C SALUTOGENETIC  Disease Disease  Disease Determinants of health Social, economic and cultural factors Enviromental factors  Lifestyle factors Healthcare factors  Different distributions of health determinants Purpouse of health determinants The basic terms used Prevention Where is the responsibility for prevention in the Czech Republic at different levels Ministry of Education, Youth and Ministry of Health Sports of the Czech Employers Republic and other public institutions Health service Health insurance Citizens and patients providers Where is the responsibility for prevention in the Czech Republic at different levels International disease prevention organisation  Environment and expected future developments  Development in the so-called zero variant  Tools for prevention Prevention tools are a variety of methods and strategies that serve to prevent the onset of disease, reduce its spread and minimise its impact on individuals and society. Their use differs between developing and developed countries Awareness and education Vaccination and immunisation Screening programmes Preventive check-ups Pharmacological prevention Improving living conditions Healthy lifestyle Telemedicine and modern technologies Health policy and interventions Legal measures  Legislation Types of prevention according to object Types of prevention by subject Types of prevention in terms of timing of preventive intervention Types of prevention in terms of timing of preventive intervention Stages of the natural development of the disease Stage ½ = Stage 2 = borderline or slightly Stage 1= preclinical Stage 0 = health subclinical elevated levels of alterations alterations certain risk factors Stage 3 = clinical Stage 4 = organ Stage 5 = death manifestation complications  Primary prevention Primordial prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Quaternary prevention Main prevention tools PREVENTION VACCINATIONS SCREENING PROGRAMMES PROGRAMMES Main prevention tools PREVENTION VACCINATIONS SCREENING PROGRAMMES PROGRAMMES Preventive health check-ups The main preventive programmes are preventive health check-ups. In the Czech Republic, they are provided for all population groups according to the level of risk, from birth to adulthood, by qualified physicians. Legislation: Decree No. 70/2012 Coll., on Preventive check-ups: preventive examinations Act No. 373/2011 Coll. (Title general preventive check-up, carried out by a general practitioner IV, Part 2) dental preventive check-up, carried out by a dentist § Section 46(1) of Act No gynaecological preventive check-up, carried out by a 258/2000 Coll., on the gynaecologist general preventive check-up for children, carried out by a protection of public health paediatrician-- general practitioner for children and adolescents General preventive check-ups - for adults Dental preventive check-up Gynaecological preventive check-up General preventive check-up for children Main prevention tools PREVENTION VACCINATIONS SCREENING PROGRAMMES PROGRAMMES Vaccination of children  Vaccinations – Adult vaccination calendar (by age) Main prevention tools PREVENTION VACCINATIONS SCREENING PROGRAMMES PROGRAMMES Screening  Screening - newborns Apgar score Evaluation: Apgar scores of 0-3 are critically low, especially in term and late-preterm infants Apgar scores of 4-6 are below normal, and indicate that the baby likely requires medical intervention Apgar scores of 7+ are considered normal Newborn laboratory screening from blood taken from the foot  Cancer screening Requirements for tumour screening  Cancer screenings in the Czech Republic Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer - incidence in 2018 Colorectal cancer screening Test for occult bleeding in human stool Carcinoma of the breast  Breast cancer screening Breast cancer screening Cervical cancer Cervical cancer screening Carcinoma of the lung Lung cancer screening Pharmacy - new opportunities in prevention and health care Preventive testing at pharmacies