Public Health: An Overview PDF

Public Health A critical component of society. Healthy individuals and communities. by Noelyn Bernal What is Public Health? Focus Preventative Population health and well- Prevent disease and promote being. health. Community...

Public Health A critical component of society. Healthy individuals and communities. by Noelyn Bernal What is Public Health? Focus Preventative Population health and well- Prevent disease and promote being. health. Community Science-Based Collective action to improve Uses evidence to guide health. actions. Core Functions of Public Health Assessment Policy Assurance Research Development Monitor health status Enforce laws and Conduct research Develop public health regulations Identify health problems Evaluate effectiveness of policies Link people to services programs Analyze health needs Mobilize community Ensure a competent Disseminate findings partnerships workforce Inform, educate, empower people The Public Health Approach Define the Problem 1 Identify the public health issue. 2 Identify Risk Factors Examine factors contributing to the problem. Develop and Test Interventions 3 Create solutions and evaluate their effectiveness. 4 Implement Interventions Put solutions into practice to address the problem. Evaluate and Monitor 5 Track progress and make adjustments as needed. Social Determinants of Health Socioeconomic Community Social Neighborhood Factors Resources Connections Environment Income, education, Access to healthcare, Social support, community Safety, access to employment housing, food engagement transportation Health Equity and Social Justice Fair Treatment Addressing Inequities All people have the opportunity to achieve optimal health. Focuses on eliminating disparities in health outcomes. Social Determinants Ethical Imperative Factors like poverty, education, and access to healthcare. Ensuring a just and equitable society for all. Levels of Prevention Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention Prevent disease from occuring Early detection and treatment Reduce the impact of existing disease Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance Tracking Patterns Understanding Spread Global Monitoring Identifies trends and outbreaks. Explores how diseases transmit. Tracks diseases across borders. Outbreak Investigation Identify the Problem 1 Analyze the outbreak's scope and impact Gather Data 2 Collect information on cases, exposures, and potential causes Develop a Hypothesis 3 Formulate an explanation for the outbreak Test the Hypothesis 4 Confirm or refute the initial hypothesis Implement Control Measures 5 Take action to stop the outbreak Communicate Findings 6 Disseminate information and recommendations Environmental Health 1 1. Air Quality 2 2. Water Quality Protecting air quality from Ensuring safe drinking water pollutants. and clean waterways. 3 3. Waste 4 4. Food Safety Management Protecting the food supply Properly disposing of waste from contamination. to prevent contamination. Occupational Health Workplace Health Disease Ergonomics Safety Promotion Prevention Designing workspaces for Protecting workers from Encouraging healthy Addressing workplace- safety and comfort. hazards. behaviors. related illnesses. Health Promotion and Education Empower Individuals Promote Healthy Build Healthy Provide tools and resources Behaviors Communities Encourage healthy choices Collaborate with community partners Community Engagement Building Trust Strengthen relationships with community members Shared Decision-Making Collaborate on solutions, empowering communities Community Advocacy Promote public health initiatives through community outreach Policy and Advocacy Shape Health Advocate for Policy Change Influencing decisions for Raising awareness and driving better health outcomes. action. Promote Health Collaborate with Equity Stakeholders Working toward equal access Engaging with diverse groups to healthcare. for impactful solutions. Global Health International Resource Allocation Addressing Health Collaboration Ensuring equitable access to care Disparities Addressing health challenges worldwide Reducing inequalities in health outcomes Public Health Workforce Diverse Professionals Data Analysis Public health professionals come from many Data-driven decisions are essential in public backgrounds. health. Community Engagement Continuing Education Effective communication is crucial. Staying updated on the latest knowledge. Public Health Funding and Resources Public health relies on adequate funding and resources. Government funding, philanthropy, and private investment all contribute to public health initiatives. Government Private Philanthropy Public Health Ethics Principles of Ethics Ethical Dilemmas Beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, autonomy Confidentiality, informed consent, resource allocation Professional Code of Conduct Ethical Decision-Making Guidelines for ethical behavior in public health practice Process for resolving ethical conflicts in public health Evidence-Based Public Health Critical Thinking Systematic Public Health Ethical Review Practice Considerations Evaluating scientific evidence to guide decisions Compiling and analyzing Integrating best evidence Ensuring transparency and data for reliable insights into interventions and accountability in using policies evidence Monitoring and Evaluation Collect Data 1 Quantitative and qualitative data Analyze Data 2 Identify trends and patterns Report Findings 3 Share results with stakeholders Make Improvements 4 Adapt program based on findings A critical part of public health programs. Emerging Public Health Challenges Infectious Climate Change Technological Social Inequality Diseases Extreme weather, air Advancements Health disparities, access to Antimicrobial resistance, pollution, food security Data privacy, artificial care, social determinants emerging pathogens intelligence, digital divide Infectious Disease Control Prevention Surveillance Vaccines, sanitation, and Monitoring disease trends and hygiene. outbreaks. Treatment Outbreak Antibiotics and antiviral Response medications. Rapid identification and containment. Chronic Disease Prevention Non- Risk Factors Prevention Public Health Communicable Strategies Efforts Unhealthy diet, physical Diseases inactivity, tobacco use, Healthy lifestyle choices, Policy changes, health Heart disease, stroke, excessive alcohol early detection and education, community cancer, diabetes, chronic consumption screening, access to programs respiratory diseases healthcare Maternal and Child Health Prenatal Care Child Development Ensuring a healthy pregnancy. Promoting healthy growth and development. Immunizations Nutrition Protecting against preventable diseases. Providing essential nutrients for growth. Injury and Violence Prevention 1 1. Unintentional 2 2. Intentional Injuries Injuries Leading cause of death for Violence, assault, homicide, children and young adults suicide 3 3. Prevention 4 4. Public Health Strategies Role Education, legislation, Research, surveillance, policy environmental modifications advocacy Mental Health and Substance Abuse Mental Health Understanding mental illness and support. Substance Abuse Addiction and recovery services. Prevention and Treatment Promoting mental health and well-being. Disaster Preparedness and Response Mitigation 1 Reduce risk before disaster Preparedness 2 Plan and prepare in advance Response 3 Respond to the event Recovery 4 Return to normalcy Disaster preparedness and response involves multiple phases. Each phase relies on strong community partnerships and collaboration. The Future of Public Health Emerging Key Areas Promising Role of Public Challenges Solutions Health Precision medicine Climate change Community-based Advocate for change Artificial intelligence approaches Antimicrobial resistance Promote health equity Big data analytics Social determinants Pandemics Champion preventative Digital health Health equity measures Mental health Sustainability Careers in Public Health Research and Community Policy and Data and Analysis Engagement Advocacy Evaluation Public health researchers Community health workers Policy analysts advocate for Public health professionals study disease patterns and connect with people and health policies that improve evaluate programs and track develop interventions. advocate for health equity. population health. progress. Public Health: Essential for All Investing in public health benefits everyone. A healthy population leads to a thriving society.