Topic 2 - Development Theories on Approaches to Mathematic

CLE4103 / DCE2163 MATHEMATICS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN LESSON 2: Development Theories on Approaches to Mathematic  Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to: Identify theorist / practitioners in Mathematics Outline the cognitive development theories...

CLE4103 / DCE2163 MATHEMATICS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN LESSON 2: Development Theories on Approaches to Mathematic  Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to: Identify theorist / practitioners in Mathematics Outline the cognitive development theories of mathematic. Discuss Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Describe constructivist and traditional approach to Mathematics learning  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory 1 Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory  Understanding Mathematics Is an understanding of an idea or thought An activity that can be learned and that can improve with practice Something that can’t be Concept taught directly. It’s Skill Is observable and something each and measurable every person comes to understand on his own. Example: counting skill, Based on dominant arithmetic skill theories such as (addition, subtraction), Piagetian, post- mathematical vocab, Piagetian and problem solving, writing information processing and reading numerals  Learn that objects Learn that there are Concept Learning are still there, even when they objects arefor In order not visible to learn about concepts they children need to: Learn that objects Know have names and characteristics of have differences the objects Know how to use the objects  How Concepts are acquired Concepts are learnt or acquired through 3 types of activities: rience g Experience ng Experience Naturalistic Expe Informal Learnin Structured Learni Takes place throughout the children’s day and in a range of situations; does not take times’ Naturalistic Experiences place only, at set ‘learning times’/ ‘group children create themslve Experiences that are initiated spontaneously by children as they go about their daily activities Adult’s Major mode of learning for children during role: Provide the sensori-motor period an interesting and rich environment Can be a valuable mode of learning for where older children children can use all their senses Initiated by the adult when the child is engaged in a naturalistic experience. These experiences are not pre- the different scaffolding. Informal Learning Experiences planned, help children draw more meaning through with Naturalisti c Experie Informal learning experiences occur when an nce opportunity for instruction presents itself by chance. is informal learning experienc e initiated by the adult For example, Then, dad says Andy says Let us count I am your age on three your years fingers. old.  Aware are pre- Structured experiences ness or planned lessons Structured Learning activities. These activities can Experiences Suggested that these be teacher provide be carried Utilizaout with a large Explor integrated with other learning group, small group or activities. tion ation individuals at a special time or an opportune time. Inquir y They may follow the learning cycle sequence  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory Theory Piaget’s Cognitive Theory based on Theories constructivi of Cognitive DEVELOPMENT Relate to Mathematics learning sm Vygotsky’s Theory Jerome Bruner’s learning theory Your title here Theories of Cognitive DEVELOPMENT Relate to Mathematics learning Your title here Presentations are communication tools that can be used as demonstrations.  Jean Piaget (1896-1980): 4 stages of cognitive development Concept of concept of Formal Operational conservation: reversibility: the Stage (Above 11 understanding that ability to mentally years old) the count for a set Concrete Operational recerse or undo an The adolescent reasons in group of objects Stageaction (7-11or years process or more abstract, idealistic, stays the same no and logical ways. matter whether old) operation Capable of engaging in Pre-operational Stage they are spread out Understand reversibility hypothetical deductive they andbecome more (2-7 years old) or close together concept also reasoning matureconcept conservation Children still not able to Able to classify Sensorimotor stage understand the concept of Reason with logic conservation (0-2 years old) Symbolic thinking Using sensory to construct Start to reason knowledge and understand the world  Natural Lev Vygotsky Influences learning as the result of (1896-1934) Results from interaction with other Cultural members of the development development maturation. culture and enhanced with use of language Watch the video below: Charlie demonstrates Vygotsky Zone of proximal https://www.youtube. development – term com/watch?v=ibEP4x BdJco for tasks too difficult for children to master alone but that can be Watch the video mastered with below: Zone of Proximal assistance. Development https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=Du6vq SOj7UU Jerome Bruner (1915-present)  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory  e t h eo r y o f le a r n in g 6 -s t a g mathematics ZoltanStDienes age 1: Fre(1916-present) e Play g e 2 : G e n e r a liz a t io n Watch the video in St a the next slide which is about Dienes’s Learning Stage 3:Co m p a r is o n Mathematics Theory https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=Dp : Re p res e n t a t io n w1WTbisck Stage 4 g e 5 : S y m b o li z a t io n Sta g e 6 : Fo rma li z a t io n Sta  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory  Absorbent Mathematical Sequenced mind and activities sensitive Maria Montessori (1870- mind of children periods Known to 1952) unknown of Importance Sensory motor the prepared Simple to approach environment complex Concrete to abstract Sensorial Introduce one education as concept at a foundation time PowerPoint® Slides By Melanie Bodipalar  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory Individual- child has own learning potential which will unfold as they Maturationist Theory (Gesell) mature/grow. Readiness- child has to be ready before they learn a skill. Sequence- there is an order of the development of the child.  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory  Behaviorist Theory (Skinner & Bandura) Social Learning Theory Operant Conditioning Video folder Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment (Demonstrate with student with M&M to direct student to a certain direction or behavior) PowerPoint® Slides By Melanie Bodipalar  Behaviorist Modeling+ New Theory (Skinner & Further Bandura) reinforcement learning developmen t Emphasize the role of learning and the role of reinforcement in promoting learning. Children who have stimulating experiences will develop faster. Rewarding (praise, attention, token) reinforces a child’ s behaviour. Following a model (another child/teacher) can enhance learning skills.  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory Information Processing Theory (Siegler) Process like how computer functions, how children take and use information. PROCESS + Short Long Term INPUT SENSORY Term Memory Memory OUTPUT (behavior/ talking)  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory APPROACHES TO MATHEMATICS Learning Constructivist approach The constructivist approach is a view based on Jean Piaget’s work that suggests children don’t passively receive knowledge through being taught but rather actively construct it themselves Children need to actively construct their own understanding rather than passively absorb information.Idea of an approach to Mathematics learning Developmentalist/Constructivist There are stages of development concerning Approach growth and cognition in sequential order. True understanding of maths involves internalization of concepts and relationships by the individuals involved. Teaching approach unique to each student as different children have different personality, learning style and family/cultural background Methods to Mathematics Learning Positive personal interactions with adults and Developmentalist/Constructivist Approach peers enhances maths learning Include use of manipulative activities and real objects- activities that seek solutions to real problems Emphasizes on an integrated approach to learning mathematical concepts  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory  Approaches Drill and to mathematics learning practice Passive memorization/ learning Traditional Approach rote learning Worksheets Intimidating vs. Individuality adults and manipulative ignored teachers activities  Summary of today lesson Constructivism Naturalistic theory Approaches Experience Constructivist Concept Dienes’s theory to approach Theories Learning Informal Montessori’s Mathematics theory Learning Maturationist Learning Experience theory Structured Behaviorist Theory Traditional Learning Approach Information Experience Processing Theory  Tutorial Compare the following developmental theories/principles with our current practices Piaget Vygotsky Bruner Zoltan Dienes Montessori Gesell Skinner / Bandura Siegler  1. Charlesworth, R. (2012), Experiences in math for young children (6th ed.). Boston:Wadsworth, Cengage Learning 2. Haylock, D. & Cockburn, A. (2012). Understanding Mathematics for Reference YoungChildren:AGuide for Teachers of Children 3 -8 (4th Ed). London: SAGE s 3. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, (2017), Kurikulum standard PrasekolahKebangsaan. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum. 4. Smith, S. S., (2013). Early childhood mathematics (5th ed.). Boston: