The Sexual Self Learning Guide 2.pdf

THE SEXUAL SELF refers to an individual’s view of themselves as a sexual person notable changes important in the evaluation of sexual self: o dramatic physical change during puberty o awareness of sexual drive and erotic feelings...

THE SEXUAL SELF refers to an individual’s view of themselves as a sexual person notable changes important in the evaluation of sexual self: o dramatic physical change during puberty o awareness of sexual drive and erotic feelings o developing interest in others Human Reproductive System Puberty the period during which the sexual organs mature begins when the children’s bodies begin producing the sex hormones through the pituitary gland: o male: androgens and testosterone o female: estrogens and progesterone these hormones stimulate the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics and sexual drive start of puberty: o girls - age 11 or 12 o boys - age 13 or 14 Secondary Sex Characteristics o Female ▪ development of: ▪ breasts ▪ pubic hair ▪ wider hips ▪ higher voice ▪ the onset of menstruation – menarche o Male ▪ pubic hair starts to grow ▪ growth of facial and underarm hair ▪ voice deepens ▪ muscles become more pronounced, narrow hips, and less fat tissue overall ▪ at around age 13 experiences his first ejaculation called spermarche Male Reproductive System two major parts: o testes - sperm is produced o penis - the external reproductive organ scrotum o a sac or pouch which holds the testes o maintain the proper temperature of the testes o sperm is destroyed unless a temperature of 34C is maintained  vas deferens o transports the sperm-containing fluid called semen epididymis o sperm cells are stored prostate gland and seminal vesicles o produce semen and nourish the sperm cells ejaculation o releasing of sperm cells from the penis o contains approximately 300 to 500 million of sperm cells Female Reproductive System vagina o also called the birth canal o a tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body cervix o the lower portion of the uterus; where the vagina and uterus meet o dilates for the delivery of baby uterus o where the zygote implants and the embryo develops fallopian tubes o site of fertilization ovaries o responsible for the production and release of eggs o ovaries alternate the release of eggs each month o this release of the ova is called ovulation o If not fertilized, this egg is eliminated during menstruation Sexual Arousal triggers of sexual arousal: o visual and auditory cues o direct stimulation erogenous zones o areas of the body that provide pleasure o include the genitals, mouth, breast, ears, anus, and to a lesser degree, the entire surface of the body Factors Affecting Sexual Arousal o cognitive factors o emotional factors o cultural factors Sexual Orientation an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes heterosexual o sexual attraction is directed to the opposite sex  homosexual o sexual attraction is directed to the same sex bisexual o sexual attraction is directed to both sexes Attraction, Love, Attachment Lust o evolutionary theory ▪ we are driven by our desire for sexual gratification in order to fulfill the purpose as an organism – to perpetuate our specie o male: testosterone o female: estrogen during ovulation ▪ increases libido Attraction o associated to the part of our brain which controls our “reward” behavior o hypothalamus is activated as dopamine is released o norepinephrine ▪ euphoric, energetic, and giddy o serotonin ▪ combat stress, reduce depression, and regulate anxiety Attachment not only exclusive in romantic relationship o friendships o parent-child relationship o other intimacies oxytocin o high during activities are precursors to bonding o sex, childbirth, and breast feeding Teenage/Unwanted Pregnancies has affected 21 million girls aged 15-19 years globally may be due to: o the knowledge gap and misconceptions about some forms of contraception o sexual violence consequences: o childbirth complications o maternal mortality o the newborn may have complications o social and economic consequences o stigma, rejection or violence by partners, parents and peers o education and employment opportunities is limited Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or venereal diseases (VD) are infections that pass from one person to another through sexual contact can be passed easily when contraceptive devices (eg condom) is not used 1 million new STDs acquired each day globally Chlamydia o caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria o mostly young women, but it can occur in both men and women and in all age groups o can spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia o depending on a person's sexual activity, it can infect the eyes, throat or rectum Crabs (pubic lice) o tiny insects found in your genital area o a different type of louse from head lice and body lice o can be transmitted through sexual activity o lice will attach to the pubic hair ▪ armpits, mustache, beard, eyelashes, and eyebrows o they feed on human blood Genital herpes o caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) o affects the skin, cervix, genitals, and some other parts of the body o can often be spread by skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity o two types: ▪ type 2 HSV occurs through vaginal, oral, or anal sex ▪ type 1 HSV transmitted from shared straws, utensils, and surfaces Human papillomavirus (HPV) o a name for a group of viruses that affect the skin and mucous membranes, such as the throat, cervix, anus, and mouth o spreads by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the virus o it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer Syphilis o the result of Treponema pallidum, a bacterium o the disease starts as a painless sore — typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth o syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores o Syphilis can spread from a mother with syphilis to her unborn baby. Gonorrhoea o caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium o infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men o transmitted through sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus of an infected partner HIV and AIDS o HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus  ▪ it infects and destroys cells of your immune system, making it hard to fight off other diseases. o AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) ▪ the final and most serious stage of an HIV infection. o HIV can spread through: ▪ blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk and rectal fluids of an infected person Prevention of STDs condom o most effective way oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices o not effective other methods: o Abstinence o Monogamy to one uninfected partner o Vaccinations o Check for infections o Drink alcohol in moderation o Explain you want safe sex o Education