The Philippines Becomes a Spanish Colony PDF

The Philippines Becomes a Spanish Colony  Factors that led to Spanish colonization of the Philippines ECONOMIC Accumulation of Capital and Development of Banking in Europe The desire for Spices The search for new routes by Spain and Portugal POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CON...

The Philippines Becomes a Spanish Colony  Factors that led to Spanish colonization of the Philippines ECONOMIC Accumulation of Capital and Development of Banking in Europe The desire for Spices The search for new routes by Spain and Portugal POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONCERNS Crusades (1096-1272) originally were a religious adventure to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Fall of Constantinople (present day Turkiye) 1453 Reconquista (movement to destroy the Muslim power) and the desire to Spread Catholicism Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 –demarcation line was drawn 370 leagues west of Cape Verde islands (EAST-Portugal; WEST-Spain. Leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator  SCIENTIFIC AND SECULAR PERSUITS OTHER FACTORS Age of Renaissance –it put emphasis on scientific, secular, Early travels to the East and other artistic pursuits rather than the religious (Aristotle’s theory of the sphericity of the earth) ie. Ptolemy Cape Blanco, Africa –Antonio Gonzalvez Discovery and invention of more technologically- advanced Cape Verde Islands –Dennis Fernandez navigational instruments: Cape of Good Hope –Bartholomew Diaz Mariner’s compass America –Cristopher Columbus Astrolabe –device measuring the elevation of the pole star Calicut, India –Vasco de Gama Portolani –sailing charts Pacific Ocean (Mar Pacifico) –Balboa Quadrant –device measuring altitude Improvements in military and in ship-building Sextant –and instrument for determining latitude and longitude. technology  Excerpt from “Instruction to Miguel Lopez de Legazpi from the Royal Audiencia of New Spain” Ruy de Villalobos –gave the islands name “Las Phelipinas” in honor of the Spanish crown prince Phillip II. King Philip II One of the most powerful European monarchs of his time, decided to relinquish his claims to the Moluccas to Portugal and colonize the Philippines. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi who lead the expedition that was organized in Mexico (viceroyalty of the Spanish empire)  February 14, 1565 –the expedition reach Samar and around Visayas. However in Bohol, Legazpi performed the blood compact with Chief Sikatuna which signified friendly relationship. Eventually Miguel Lopez de Legazpi became the first governor-general of the Philippines. On April 27, 1565 Legazpi arrived in Cebu and defeated the Cebuanos where he established settlements there called “Nombre de Jesus” after a wooden image of the Holy child. Due to lack of food and basic provisions, he transferred camp to the nearby island of Panay and from there, sent the master-of-camp, Martin de Gioti to explore the northern region of Luzon.  Excerpt from the “Relation of Conquest of the Island of Luzon” De Goiti found the port and town of Maynilad located along the mouth of the Pasig River, where he had peace negotiation with the natives of Maynilad led by its Muslim chief Raja Soliman. Legazpi himself transferred to Maynilad in 1571 and made it the capital of the new colony. After negotiations with Raja Matanda and Lakandula, adelantado conquered Manila. June 21, 1574 Manila received the title “ Muy Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad” (Eminent and Ever Loyal City) from Spain.  Synod of Manila was then established under the Dominican Fr. Domingo de Salazar, the first bishop of Manila. It was the assembly of the bishop and his advisers, composed of both religious and diocesan clergy. Reduccion Comes from the Spanish word reducer, meaning “to resettle”. It is a “civilizing too l” where native population was resettled in new settlements where church was constructed and natives were within the hearing distance of the church bells (bajo de la campana). ie.. Remontados, cimarrones, ladrones, monteses, or tulisanes (those refuse to settle). Plaza complex A quite novel settlement pattern where the Spaniards attempted to tame the reluctant Filipinos through Christian indoctrination.  Encomienda System Comes from the Spanish word encomendar, meaning to “entrust” It was a land grant from the Spanish crown to the Spaniard to exercise control over a specific place, including its inhabitants. Personal tax or Tributo were imposed to the natives through Royal Decrees. It was seen as a form of vassalage to the King of Spain. Diezmos prediales –a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produced of the land Donativo de Zamboanga –a special tax of ½ real or rice to suppress moro attacks. Vinta –a kind of tax that was paid by the people of Luzon; aimed to finance the defence efforts of Spanish government against the Muslim pirates. Cedula personal –it was based on the race and social position of the person which aim is similar to the tribute and that was to  Polo y Servicios referred to drafting of laborers (polistas) who were either Filipino or Chinese male mestizos aged 16 to 60 years. They were obligated to give a 40-day personal service to community projects such as construction and repair of infrastructures (church), building galleons, cutting of logs. There had been exemptions to the polo y sercicios, ; Native-ruling elite and their sons Those able to pay the falla [falta – meaning absence], an amount of 1 ½ real every day for 40 days Persons with disabilities Causes of Subjugation of Filipinos Military might of the Spaniards Policy attraction Method of Divide and Conquer Crucial role of Christianity Lack of unity among Filipinos Filipino hospitality Reduccion and plaza complex The role of the traditional leader  Effects of Spanish Colonization Socioeconomic Religion Impositon of tax, establishment of government monopolies, limited of agricultural and commercial development. Roman Catholicism Political Loss Fiestas and religious of freedom, highlyholidays centralized government and bureaucratic set-up, high influence of the Catholic church in the State. Church, convents, and cemeteries Educational Boys’ colleges Religious and secondary literature and art.schools ang girls schools [initially exclusive for sons and daughters of Spaniards. Corporal punishment Socio-cultural Adoption of Surnames [Narciso Claveria] Change in the manner of Filipino dressing Mestizo class Spanish language Gregorian calendar Spanish Dishes Fiesta and Christmas