Locsin Rozzano's Technological Nursing As Caring Model PDF

LOCSIN ROZZANO’S DIMENSIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL VALUE IN THE THEORY TECHNOLOGICAL NURSING AS CARING MODEL Technology as completing human beings “Competency without compassion...

LOCSIN ROZZANO’S DIMENSIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL VALUE IN THE THEORY TECHNOLOGICAL NURSING AS CARING MODEL Technology as completing human beings “Competency without compassion is To re-formulate the ideal human being brutal and compassion without such as in replacement parts, both competency is irresponsible.” mechanical (prostheses) or organic (transplantation of organs). - Locsin Rozzano BIOGRAPHY Technology as machine technologies ▪ Locsin was born in 1954 in e.g. computers and gadgets enhancing Dumaguete, Philippines. nursing activities to provide quality ▪ Earned his Bachelor of Science in patient care such as Penelope or Da Nursing from Siliman University in Vinci in the Operating Theatres 1976. ▪ MA in Nursing in 1978. ▪ PhD in Nursing from the University of Technologies that mimic human beings the Philippines in 1988 and human activities ▪ In 1991, Locsin joined the Florida Atlantic University, Christine Flynn To meet the demands of nursing care College of Nursing, where he practices, e.g. cyborgs (cybernetic became a tenured Professor of organisms) or anthropomorphic Nursing. machines and robots such as ▪ He is now a Professor Emeritus ‘nursebots’ (Locsin & Barnard, 2007). ▪ Locsin currently resides in Japan and serves as a professor of Nursing at Tokushima University. TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCY AS CARING IN NURSING Assumptions of the Theory ▪ Persons are caring by virtue of their ▪ Technological competency as humanness (Boykin & Schoenhofer, caring in nursing is the harmonious 2001). coexistence between technologies ▪ The ideal of wholeness is a and caring in nursing. perspective of unity (Locsin, 2005). ▪ The harmonization of these ▪ Knowing persons is a multi- concepts places the practice of dimensional process (Locsin, 2005). nursing within the context of ▪ Technology for health and nursing modern healthcare and are elements for caring (Locsin, acknowledges that these concepts 2005). can co-exist. ▪ Nursing is a discipline and a ▪ Technology brings the patient closer professional practice (Boykin & to the nurse. Conversely, Schoenhofer, 2001). technology can also increase the gap between the nurse and nursed. ▪ When technology is used to know persons continuously in the  moment, the process of nursing is not just about the technology—it’s about lived. recognizing that people are always changing and can’t be fully predicted.] UNIVERSAL TECHNOLOGICAL DOMAIN Designing Designing is a multidimensional Knowing Person: Process of Nursing process of knowing persons in which both the nurse and the one nursed cocreate a mutually fulfilling care process from which the nurse can design responses to the patient’s desire for quality human care (Locsin, 2010). [It is a shared process where both the nurse and patient work together to create a meaningful care experience. The nurse listens to the patient’s needs and designs responses that provide quality, compassionate care. It’s about THE PROCESS OF NURSING collaboration and mutual understanding.] Technological Knowing Technological knowing is the Participative Engaging shaping of deliberate understanding of persons guided by the revelations of Participative engaging promotes technology. the opportunity for simultaneous practice of shared activities that are crucial to ▪ The process of knowing person is knowing persons. guided by technological knowing in which persons are appreciated as ▪ The simultaneous practice of participants in their care rather than conjoined activities which are as objects of care. The nurse enters crucial to knowing persons. In this the world of the other. In this stage of the process is the process, technology is used to alternating rhythm of magnify the aspect of the person implementation and evaluation. that requires revealing – a The evidence of continuous representation of the real person. knowing, implementation, and The person’s state change moment participation is reflective of the to moment – person is dynamic, cyclical process of knowing persons. living, and cannot be predicted. [Participative engaging means that both [In simple terms, this means that in nursing the nurse and patient actively work care, technology is used to better together, sharing activities that help the understand and care for patients, but the nurse understand the patient better. It’s a focus is on seeing them as active back-and-forth process of taking action participants in their own care, not just as and checking how things are going, patients to be treated. The nurse works constantly learning and adjusting. This closely with the patient, entering their ongoing cycle of care helps build a world to truly understand their needs. deeper understanding of the patient’s Technology helps highlight important needs.] aspects of the patient's condition, but it’s Verifying Knowledge Example: After implementing the care plan (e.g., adjusting medications), the The continuous, circular process nurse checks the patient’s progress over demonstrates the ever-changing, time. They review the patient’s vital signs dynamic nature of knowing in nursing. again and ask for feedback on how the Knowledge about the person that is patient is feeling. If the plan isn't working as derived from knowing, designing, and expected, the nurse revises it. This implementing further informs the nurse continuous evaluation helps the nurse and and the one nursed. patient improve care and adapt to any changes in the patient's condition. EXAMPLE 1. Technological Knowing SR. CAROLINA AGRAVANTE Example: A nurse uses a patient The CASAGRA Transformative Leadership monitoring system to track vital signs (e.g., Model heart rate, blood pressure) in real-time. ABOUT THE THEORIST: The nurse understands the data and uses technology to highlight any changes in Sr. Carolina S. Agravante, SPC, PhD, RN the patient's condition. This helps them see ▪ The title of the theory was derived what needs attention and assists in making from her name. informed decisions. ▪ First Filipina Theorist 2. Designing ▪ She has held and continuously hold various administrative positions in Example: Based on the data from the different St. Paul College/Universities monitoring system and the patient’s in the Philippines. needs, the nurse designs a care plan. For ▪ She is active in national nursing instance, if a patient’s blood pressure is organizations committed to the unstable, the nurse may plan interventions advancement of nursing profession. such as adjusting medications or setting up a follow-up assessment. The nurse HISTORY: collaborates with the patient to ensure the 1964 plan aligns with their preferences and goals. ✓ BS Nursing Degree (St. Paul University) Magna Cum Laude 3. Participative Engaging ✓ Top 10 in the Licensure Exam Example: The nurse and patient work 1967-1969 together on shared activities like managing medications. The nurse might ✓ Master’s Degree in Nursing educate the patient on how to monitor Education (Catholic University of their blood pressure at home, while the America) patient practices this task. This creates a 2002 cycle where the nurse supports the patient, while the patient actively ✓ Doctoral Degree in Philosophy (UP participates in their own care, helping Manila) both learn from each other. ✓ Published her theory 4. Verifying Knowledge ▪ She served as the president of St. Paul University - Iloilo, where she  taught research subjects among [CARE complex are set of traits that are senior students. essential for being a great leader in ▪ A former president of the nursing. Association of Deans of the Compassion: Showing deep care Philippines Colleges of Nursing for others. (ADPCN) as she became the representative in the International Authenticity: Being honest and Nursing Congress that was held in genuine. Brunei in 1996. A year after, she was a part of a delegation that Respect: Valuing other people. participated in the International Excellence: Always doing your best. Council of Nursing in Vancouver, Canada. These traits form the foundation of a ▪ One of the founding members of leader’s personality, helping them inspire the Integrated Registered Nurses of others and provide exceptional care.] the Philippines (IRNP). ▪ The CASAGRA Servant-Leadership ▪ Currently, she is the President of St. Formula Paul College - Ilocos Sur while → An effective modality in enhancing performing the duties of the Vice- the nursing faculty’s servant- President for Academics. Moreover, leadership behavior she also functions as the program chair of the school's Department of [This is a step-by-step method to help Nursing. nursing teachers develop servant- leadership qualities. It might include workshops, self-reflection exercises, or The CASAGRA Transformative Leadership training programs that focus on being a Model leader who serves others first. It gives teachers practical ways to improve their leadership skills and become role models MAIN PROPOSITIONS for their students.] ▪ The model is a psycho-spiritual ▪ Vitality of Care Complex of the model nursing faculty is directly related to the leadership behavior → Effective means for faculty to become better teachers and [The stronger a teacher’s "care complex" servant-leaders. (compassion, authenticity, respect, [The model helps teachers (especially in excellence), the better their leadership will nursing) grow both emotionally be. A healthy care complex makes (psychological) and spiritually. When teachers more effective in leading and caring for their students and colleagues.] teachers develop their inner selves, they become better at guiding students and serving others as compassionate leaders.] KEY CONCEPTS ▪ Care complex (Compassion, Authenticity, Respect, Excellence) The CASAGRA Transformative → A structure in the personality of the Leadership Model have concepts of caregiver that is significantly related leadership from a psycho-spiritual point of to the leadership behavior view, designed to lead to radical change from apathy or indifference to a spiritual person.  ▪ Perceived behavior of nursing faculty manifested through the SERVANT-LEADER FORMULA ability to model the servant - Enrichment package prepared as leadership qualities to students. interventions for the study [A set of ▪ Competence in nursing skills, activities and tools designed to help commitment to the nursing nursing teachers become servant- profession, and sense of collegiality leaders.] with the school, other health professionals, and local community Three parts: NURSING LEADERSHIP ▪ The care complex primer: Learning the key traits (compassion, ▪ Force within the nursing profession – authenticity, respect, excellence) sets vision for its practitioners to help that make a great caregiver and them grow leader. ▪ Influences the direction toward ▪ Retreat-workshop on Servant- which the profession should go leadership: A reflective program [Leadership in nursing is about setting a vision that helps teachers explore the for the profession and guiding its practitioners qualities of a servant-leader in a toward growth and excellence. A strong prayerful and peaceful setting. leader helps move the nursing profession in ▪ Seminar-workshop on the right direction, ensuring its values and Transformative Teaching for nursing goals are upheld.] faculty: A training session that helps TRANSFORMATIVE/REFLECTIVE TEACHING nursing teachers improve how they teach in a way that inspires and ▪ Umbrella term covering ideas such empowers students. as thoughtful instruction, teacher research, teacher narrative, and SPECIAL EXPERTISE teacher empowerment ▪ Nursing area that the professional [A teaching approach that encourages nurse engaged in workshop is the teachers to think deeply about their work spiritual exercise organized in an and focus on empowering their students. ambience of prayer where the main This type of teaching helps nursing theme is the contemplation of Jesus educators grow as teachers and inspires Christ as a Servant-leader. students to learn meaningfully.] [Nursing teachers focus on developing CARE COMPLEX their skills in both clinical and spiritual aspects through workshops that ▪ Nucleus (core) of care experiences encourage reflection on Jesus Christ as a in the personality of a nurse Servant-Leader, held in an atmosphere of ▪ Formed by a combination: prayer and spiritual growth. This helps 1. Maternal care experience: Lessons nursing educators model servant- learned from nurturing experiences, leadership while staying rooted in both like caring for family. their professional and spiritual values.] 2. Culture-based care practices indigenous to a race and people: SERVANT-LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR Traditional ways of caring that  come from a person’s cultural [This is about having control over your background. emotions, thoughts, and actions, guided 3. Professional training on a care by a strong "care complex." People in acquired in a formal course of caregiving professions like nursing already nursing: Formal education and skills have a natural ability to care for others, learned during nursing school. and self-mastery helps them use that strength effectively.] Special expertise THREE-FOLD TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP CONCEPT ▪ The Special-Expertise level is shown in a creative, caring, critical, contemplative, and collegial SERVANT-LEADERSHIP SPIRITUALITY teaching which are the 5 c’s of transformational leadership of the nurse faculty who is directly involved SELF-MASTERY with the formation of the nursing. [This is the advanced level of leadership SPECIAL-EXPERTISE shown by nursing teachers who demonstrate five important traits, known Servant-Leadership Spirituality as the "5 C’s": ▪ Prescribed to run parallel to the 1. Creative: Finding innovative ways to generic elements of the teach and care. transformative leadership model. 2. Caring: Showing deep concern and ▪ This formula consists of a spiritual empathy for others. exercise, the determination of the vitality of the care complex in the 3. Critical: Thinking carefully and personality of an individual and making informed decisions. finally a seminar workshop on 4. Contemplative: Reflecting on their transformative teaching. actions to improve continuously. ▪ The servant-leader formula prescription includes a spiritual 5. Collegial: Building strong retreat that goes through the relationships with colleagues and process of awareness, students. contemplation, storytelling, These traits help nursing teachers guide reflection, and finally commitment students not just as educators but as role to become servant-leaders in the models for both professional and personal footsteps of Jesus growth.] [This is a spiritual process designed to help nursing leaders become servant-leaders who follow the example of Jesus.] Meaning of the theory: Self-Mastery Based on the study, the effect of the CASAGRA Leadership model using the ▪ Consists of a vibrant care complex servant leader model on the leadership possessed to a certain degree by behavior of the nursing faculty, the care all who have been through formal complex in the personality of the nursing studies in a care giving profession faculty is highly correlated to their such as nursing. leadership behavior. The care complex is necessary given as a stimulant in the o This is the set of traits essential performance of the leadership activities. for being a leader in nursing. The leadership behavior of the faculty o Key Idea: These traits form the after going to the servant leadership personality foundation for formula was significantly higher in the two- leadership. Without them, post test periods than during the pre-test. leadership may lack It improved the leadership behavior of the empathy, honesty, or quality. nursing faculty in both groups. o Each trait explained: [The CASAGRA Leadership Model is based on the idea that the care complex (traits ▪ Compassion: Caring like compassion, respect, and excellence) deeply for others. plays a big role in how nursing faculty ▪ Authenticity: Being behave as leaders. Faculty who have a genuine and honest. strong care complex are more likely to show better leadership behavior. The care ▪ Respect: Valuing and complex acts as a "spark" that motivates honoring others. nursing teachers to perform leadership ▪ Excellence: Striving to tasks well. The study found that when always do your best. faculty members participated in the Servant-Leadership Formula (which 3. CASAGRA Servant-Leadership included spiritual exercises, workshops, Formula and reflection), their leadership behavior o A practical guide or method improved significantly. to train nursing teachers to become servant-leaders. SIMPLIFIED VER: o Examples: Training programs, self-reflection exercises, and workshops to enhance SR. CAROLINA AGRAVANTE leadership skills. The CASAGRA Transformative Leadership 4. Vitality of Care Complex and Model Leadership Behavior o Key Idea: The stronger a teacher’s care complex, the MAIN PROPOSITIONS better their leadership. 1. Psycho-spiritual Model o Why it matters: Teachers who o This combines emotional are compassionate, genuine, (psychological) and spiritual respectful, and excellent growth. inspire trust and loyalty in students and colleagues. o Goal: Help nursing faculty become more effective teachers and servant-leaders KEY CONCEPTS by developing their inner emotional strength and Servant-Leader Formula (Three spiritual values. Parts): These are activities designed to 2. Care Complex (Compassion, develop servant-leadership skills: Authenticity, Respect, Excellence)  1. Care Complex Primer: values while adapting to Learning the key traits challenges. (compassion, authenticity, Transformative/Reflective Teaching respect, excellence). o A teaching method where 2. Retreat-Workshop: Reflective educators reflect deeply on sessions in a peaceful setting, their work and focus on often incorporating prayer empowering students. and spiritual exercises, to explore servant-leadership. o Outcome: Teachers inspire students to learn and grow 3. Seminar-Workshop on meaningfully. Transformative Teaching: Practical training to improve Care Complex (Formation) teaching methods and inspire o The care complex is the core students. personality of a nurse, shaped Special Expertise by three sources: o Nursing teachers enhance 1. Maternal Care: Early life their skills in a spiritual and experiences of caring for family. professional environment. 2. Cultural Care: Traditions and o Focus: Reflection on Jesus practices from one’s cultural background. Christ as a servant-leader. 3. Professional Training: Skills and Teachers learn how to mirror knowledge gained during nursing this leadership style in their education. work. Servant-Leadership Behavior THREE-FOLD TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP o How teachers show their CONCEPT leadership through: 1. Servant-Leadership Spirituality ▪ Competence: Proficiency in nursing o Focuses on growing as a skills. servant-leader by following the example of Jesus Christ. ▪ Commitment: Dedication to the o Process: nursing profession. ▪ Awareness → ▪ Collegiality: Building Contemplation → strong relationships Storytelling → within the school and Reflection → community. Commitment. Nursing Leadership o Goal: Develop a spiritually rooted servant-leader o Leadership within nursing mindset. involves setting a vision and guiding the profession toward 2. Self-Mastery growth and excellence. o Involves gaining control over o Goal: To ensure nursing one’s emotions, thoughts, remains aligned with its core and actions.  o Key Idea: Nurses already o Self-Mastery is about have a natural ability to care controlling one’s inner self. for others. Self-mastery helps o Special-Expertise is about them refine and direct this demonstrating leadership ability effectively. traits in action through 3. Special-Expertise creativity, caring, and collaboration. o The highest level of leadership shown by nursing teachers. o The 5 C’s: Simplified Takeaway 1. Creative: Innovative approaches to The CASAGRA Transformative Leadership teaching and care. Model helps nursing educators grow spiritually, emotionally, and professionally. 2. Caring: Genuine empathy and It emphasizes: concern for others. 1. Developing key leadership traits 3. Critical: Analytical thinking and (Care Complex). informed decision-making. 2. Using practical methods (Servant- 4. Contemplative: Reflecting on one’s Leadership Formula) to enhance actions to improve. leadership skills. 5. Collegial: Building collaborative 3. Focusing on both personal mastery relationships. (Self-Mastery) and advanced leadership qualities (Special- Expertise). Key Differences It all connects to the idea of becoming a Psycho-spiritual Model vs. Servant- servant-leader—someone who leads by Leadership Formula: serving others, inspired by spiritual values o Psycho-spiritual Model and the example of Jesus Christ. focuses on inner emotional and spiritual growth. CARMELITA DIVINAGRACIA’S o Servant-Leadership Formula is the practical method (like Composure Model workshops) to develop those qualities. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND Care Complex vs. Vitality of Care Complex: ▪ Filipino Nurse theorist ▪ Former President of the Association o Care Complex is the set of of the Philippines Colleges of traits (compassion, Nursing (ADPCN) authenticity, respect, ▪ Dean of University of the East excellence). Ramon Magsaysay Memorial o Vitality of Care Complex is Medical Center, Inc. (UERMMMC) how strong or vibrant these College of Nursing traits are in a person. ▪ Member of CHED’s technical Committee on Nursing Education Self-Mastery vs. Special-Expertise: ▪ Expert in Research and Education  ▪ BSN at UERMMMC in 1962 MAJOR CONCEPTS ▪ A master in Nursing at the University Advance Nurse Practitioner of the Philippines in 1975 ▪ Ph.D. in Nursing at UP in 2001 → Must be a BSN graduate ▪ Has been lauded for developing the → Is licensed and have a clinical art and competency of teaching experience of 2 years nursing → Has undergone special training in ▪ She has been a clinic nurse, staff specialized areas nurse, head nurse, instructor, assistant dean, and dean. ComPOSURE Behaviors ▪ An acronym used by Divina Gracias to enumerate specific activities that INTRODUCTION must be done by the Advance Nurse Practitioner ▪ Carmelita C. Divinagracia, a member of the Pioneer Class (1962) Wellness Status of the College, who succeeded Dean Emeritus Dumlao. ▪ A condition of being in a state of ▪ In 1960, the UERM Memorial Hospital wellbeing. A coordinated and was established to serve as the integrated living pattern that clinical laboratory for the Colleges involves the dimension of wellness. of Medicine and Nursing, and, later on, the College of Physical Therapy. ▪ She has been a clinic staff and head DIVINAGRACIA’s COMPOSURE MODEL nurse, instructor, Asst. Dean and Definition of terms Dean and also lectured written about her work as a nurse and she COM – petence used her hand-on experience to P – resence and P – rayer develop better ways to teach nursing. O – pen-mindedness S – timulation U – nderstanding AWARDS & HONORS: R – espect and R – elaxation ▪ Bachelor’s degree in nursing at the E – mpathy University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center in 1962 Competence ▪ Master’s degree in nursing at the ▪ In-depth knowledge and expertise University of the Philippines in 1975 – of the Advance Nursing Practitioner Doctorate’s degree in Nursing at ▪ Consistency and congruency of the University of the Philippines in word and actions by the nurse 2001 ▪ Recipient of the Anastacia Giron Presence and Prayer Tupas Award given by the Philippine ▪ Care in the form of “being-there” Nursing during desperate times ▪ Association (PNA) in 2008 ▪ Includes therapeutic communication and active touch  ▪ Prayer is highly recommended as it → this patient wellness outcome provides most patients with reflects their needs as their illness assurance turn to recovery and rehabilitation. → These needs must be met through Open-mindedness high quality nursing care – ▪ Being receptive to new ideas and COMPOSURE behaviors. concepts → COMPOSURE behaviors have been ▪ Able to accept opinions and inspired to the principle of holistic methods supplied by the patient or care wherein a patient wellness other co-worker outcome can be achieved through series of quality attributes of nurses, Stimulation which caters to every aspect of ▪ Provision of motivation to the patient wellness, may it be patients biobehavioral or physiologic ▪ Reinforcement through wellness outcome. encouragements, affirmation, and motivation are needed Physiological Biobehavioral Outcome Outcome Understanding ▪ Able to grasp the situation the patient is in and able to show Vital signs Physical concern and compassion Chest pain Emotional Respect Hemoglobin Intellectual ▪ Acknowledgement of the patient’s Spiritual needs ▪ Use of “po” and “opo” as well as THEORY OF COMPOSURE BEHAVIORS nods and gestures to display ▪ Once more the nurse has exhibited courtesy most, if not all, COMPOSURE Relaxation behaviors, the outcome on the patient can be categorized into: ▪ Allowance of resting periods for the 1. Biobehavioral patient 2. Physiological ▪ Activities that allow use of certain muscles while the others are relaxing ACHIEVEMENT OF COMPOSURE BEHAVIOR Empathy Biobehavioral ▪ Able to relate to the hardship the ▪ Refers to the perceived wellness of patient is going through patients in terms of PHYSICAL, ▪ Can share in the joys and sorrow of INTELLECTUAL, EMOTIONAL, and the patient while not being SPIRITUAL aspects. attached altogether. Physical - The patient is able to do Wellness Outcome his/ her daily activities and functions without signs of fatigue → refers to the perceived wellness of selected patients after receiving Intellectual - The patient has properly nursing care in terms of physiologic applied all the steps the nurse has and biobehavioral instructed the patient to do  Emotional - The patient is able to ▪ The nurse who should use this model handle the stresses of life and can must be an Advanced Nurse maintain and regulate his/ her feelings. Practitioner only who has undergone special training in Spiritual - The patient can properly specialized areas. establish a values system and act upon that system. Physiological LETTY G. KUAN ▪ Refers to the perceived wellness of Retirement and Role Discontinuity Model patient in terms of VITAL SIGNS, or Theory of Graceful Aging BONE PAIN SENSATION and “I have grown and sown and now I can COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT. reap the reward and blessings of a life lived in joy and love for I too have made others grow.” Conceptual Framework - Prof, Letty Gurdiel Kuan, RN, RGC, EDD. BIOGRAPHY ▪ Born on November 19, 1939 in Katipunan, Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte ▪ 6th child in a family of 4 boy and 4 girls ▪ (Still alive) Just turned 83 years old ▪ Filipino Nurse EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ▪ Baccalaureate Nursing Degree ▪ Has two Masters degree: - M.A. in Nursing - M.S. in Nursing ASSUMPTIONS ▪ Doctor of Education, Guidance, ▪ The wellness outcome of a patient and Counseling will depend on the intervention the ▪ Contribution to the University of the nurse has when administering the Philippines of Nursing Faculty and client. Academic Achievements ▪ Clinical fellowship and STRENGTHS specialization in Neuropsychology ▪ Divinagracia's model proved that in the University of Paris, France nursing as a healthcare profession (1980-1983) have great significance in quality ▪ Former member of the Boards of performances as other healthcare. Nursing LIMITATIONS ACHIEVEMENTS/ACCOMPLISHMENTS ▪ High Honors with Academic Excellences  ▪ Outstanding College Teacher BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND CONCEPTS (National level) given by Metrobank Retirement - Sept 5, 1995 ▪ Outstanding Professional in Nursing ▪ An avoidable change in a person’s (National Award) given by life, evident to the increasing Professional Regulation Commission statistic in the aging population. - June 22, 1998 ▪ This stage is accompanied with ▪ Award of Distinction Given by Board disabilities and dependences of the Southern Islands Alumni ▪ Leaving a Legacy Association - January 28, 2018 ▪ Satisfying stage that will help the ▪ Outstanding Publication and person to enjoy their remaining Author, Care for older person (“Pag- years aaruga sa mga Taong may Edad ▪ Plan ahead during 50-60 years old na” by Kuan, Letty G.) to have a fulfilling retirement. PUBLICATIONS Physiological Stage Letty Kuan has published books in → Endurances of cells and tissues, can the fields of Gerontology Care of Older resist the wear and tear of the Persons and Bioethics and the Essences of human body Caring. → the age that shows the biological state of a person. The age may be “Concepts of Illness and Health higher or lower than that of the Care Intervention is in an Urban chronological age–refers to a Community" (1975) person’s age that is counted every “Understanding the Filipino Elderly: a year, since birth. textbook for Nurses and related Health Professional" (1993) Role “Essences of caring" (1993) “Pag-aaruga Sa Mga Taong May → Set of shared expectations in a Edad Na "(1998) particular position such as their “Bioethics in Nursing" (2006) goals or values that may govern their behavior Change of life RETIREMENT AND ROLE DISCONTINUITY → Time period between near MODEL retirement and post-retirement, a Conceptual Framework period of adjustment in their life. Retiree → An individual who left their previous position due to reaching the prescribed age for retirement Role Discontinuity → A disturbance in the line of status enjoyed or performed → The interruption might be brought about by an accident, emergency, and change in position or retirement. Coping approaches Findings and Recommendations → Intervention or measures that ▪ Health status dictates the applied to solve a problematic capacities and the type of role one situation takes both for the present and for the future. ▪ Family constellation is a positive DETERMINANTS OF POSITIVE PERCEPTIONS index regarding retirement IN RETIREMENT AND POSITIVE REACTION positively and also in reacting to role TOWARDS ROLE DISCONTINUITIES: discontinuities. ▪ Income has a high correlation with Health Status both the perception of retirement → refers to healthy or sick status of and reactions towards role the respondents according to their discontinuities. physical and mental wellbeing ▪ Work status goes hand in hand with → Is a way to gauge overall well- economic security that generates being, covering physical and decent compensation. mental health, lifestyle, and access ▪ Self-preparation which are said to to healthcare. be both therapeutic and recreational in essence pays its Income (economic level) worth in old age. → Capacity of an individual financially ▪ To cope with the changes brought (financial affluence) which can be by retirement, cultivate interest in classified as poor, moderate, or rich. recreational activities. ▪ To perceive retirement positively, it Work Status requires early socialization of the → Status of an individual according to various roles we take in life. his/her work ▪ Government agencies should → Status of an individual in the aspect construct holistic pre-retirement of employment preparation program ▪ Retirement should be recognized as Family Constellation the fulfillment of every individual’s → Type of family composition birthright and must be lived described either close knit or meaningfully. extended family where three or more generations of family members live under one roof; or CARMENCITA ABAQUIN distanced family, whose members PREPARE ME Holistic Nursing Interventions live in separate dwelling units; or nuclear type of family where only “To nursing…may be able to provide the husband, wife, and children live care that our clients need in maintaining together. their quality of life and being instrumental in “birthing” them into external life.” Self-preparation → Preparation of self to the possible outcomes in life. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND ▪ Born on October 12, 1940 and died on April 8, 2021  ▪ A nurse with Master’s Degree in facilitators of a peaceful acceptance of Nursing obtained from the University the condition. of the Philippines College of Nursing. ▪ An expert in medical surgical PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Intervention) nursing with subspecialty in ▪ Nursing interventions provided to Oncologic Nursing, which made her address the multi-dimensional known both here and abroad. problems of cancer patients that ▪ She had served the University of the can be given in any setting where Philippines College of Nursing, as patients choose to be confined. faculty and held the position as Secretary of the College of Nursing. 6 COMPONENTS ▪ Her latest appointment as Chairman of the Board of Nursing Presence speaks of her competence and ▪ is having the presence of another integrity in the field she has chosen. person in times of hardship. → Therapeutic communication CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK → active listening; and → touch Reminisce Therapy ▪ Recall of past experiences, feeling, and thoughts to facilitate adaptation to present circumstances. Prayer ▪ connection to a spiritual being without regard to religion. ▪ A solemn expression of feelings through deliberate communication directed towards a deity. Relaxation-breathing ▪ Techniques to encourage and elicit relaxation. → Decreasing undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain, muscle tension, and anxiety. Abaquin developed the theory Meditation called “PREPARE ME Interventions and ▪ evokes relaxation to help alter a Quality of Life Advance Progressive patient’s level of awareness Cancer Patients”. The theory serves as a → concentrating on a thought or structure on a non-pharmacologic and image to promote an insight, which non-surgical approach of care to in turn, aids in forming a rapport and advance progressive cancer patients. Its relationship with God. center of interest is not on curing the → Could be done through music and patient’s disease but on aiding them to other relaxation techniques have peace of mind and benevolence as Values Clarification one is faced with a life and death ▪ assisting another individual situation. Nurses should not solely be perceived as caregivers but also as  → clarify his own values about health THEORY OF NURSING PRACTICE AND and illness in order to facilitate CAREER effective decision-making skills. The theory was from her study ▪ Helps the patient develop an open Categorization of Nursing Activities as mind – encourage acceptance of Observe in Medical-Surgical Ward Units disease state or may help deepen in Selected Government and Private or enhance values. Hospitals in Manila. ▪ Process – helps one become internally consistent by achieving In her theory, she emphasized closer between what we do and effective communication are what we feel. championed using family as an entry point to help a patient. CECILIA LAURENTE Laurente believed that a nurse’s intervention can affect a patient’s Theory of Nursing Practice and Career anxiety. Anxiety HISTORY AND BACKGROUND → refers to the mental state of fear or ▪ She is a Filipino Nursing theorist nervousness about what might who primarily focused on helping happen. patients to have support systems Three Nurse Caring Behavior that Affects such as their families. Patient Anxiety ▪ 1967 - graduated Bachelor of Science in Nursing at University of Presence the Philippines ▪ person to person contact between ▪ 1968-1969 - worked as a staff nurse the client and the nurses at the Philippine General Hospital ▪ 1970-1972 - worked as a head nurse Concern at the Philippine General Hospital ▪ 1973 - finished her master’s degree ▪ development in time through in nursing at the University of the mutual trust between the nurse Philippines. and the patient ▪ 1973-1976 - worked as a nursing Stimulation supervisor at the Philippine General Hospital. ▪ nurse stimulation through utilization ▪ 1976-1979 - worked at Metropolitan of words that helps more than the Hospital in Michigan, USA powerful resources of energy of ▪ 1979 – returned and became an person for healing. instructor at the University of the Philippines College of Nursing ▪ 1987 - conducted a study entitled Enhancing Factors – factors that alleviate “Categorization of Nursing Activities a patient’s anxiety as Observed in Medical-Surgical → One’s caring experience, beliefs, Ward Units in Selected Government and attitude and Private Hospitals in Manila.” → Feeling good about work ▪ 1996-2002 - served as the Dean of → Learning about caring at school College of Nursing in UP Manila → What other patients tell about the ▪ She is named as 2002 J. V. Sotejo nurse coping mechanism to Medallion of Honor Recipient problems encountered.  → Communication Predisposing Factors – factors that triggers anxiety of the patient → Age → Sex → Civil Status → Educational Background → Length of work → Experience BACKGROUND ABOUT HER THEORY → Communication is key when getting nurses to engage patients and families in their care. → Research to develop the guide found that communication gaps between patients and caregivers can occur when hospitals do not address the issues that patients' thoughts are most important. Another factor is the available tools are to give health providers insights into patients' needs and concerns. As a result, efforts by patients, families and health providers to communicate more effectively with each other can fall short of their goal. → Each strategy includes educational tools and resources for patients and families, training materials for healthcare professionals and real- world examples that show how strategies are being implemented in hospital settings. The strategies describe how patients and families, working with hospital staff, can: be advisors; promote better communication at the bedside to improve quality; participate in bedside shift reports; and prepare to leave the hospital.