Study Questions Lec 4&5 Questions PDF

Study Questions for Lecture 15: 1. What discoveries led to the understanding that DNA is the genetic material? 2. How does the Watson-Crick model for DNA incorporate Chargraff’s rules and Franklin’s X-ray structure? 3. What are the defining characteristics of the Watson-Crick structure...

Study Questions for Lecture 15: 1. What discoveries led to the understanding that DNA is the genetic material? 2. How does the Watson-Crick model for DNA incorporate Chargraff’s rules and Franklin’s X-ray structure? 3. What are the defining characteristics of the Watson-Crick structure? 4. How does genome and proteome size relate to organism complexity? 5. What are the three classes of DNA? How are they distinguished and what is their function? 6. What factors influence the denaturation of DNA? 7. What is the “FISH” technique? How is it performed and what can it be used for? 8. What is PCR? 9. How can PCR be used to quantify mRNA? 10. How can PCR be used to identify individuals? 11. How is DNA organized into nucleosomes? 12. How are nucleosomes packaged into metaphase chromosomes? Study questions for lecture 18 1. Why is DNA replication said to be “semiconservative”? How was this shown experimentally using BrdU labeling? 2. How do cells unwind double stranded DNA and keep it single stranded for the DNA polymerase? 3. How does the cell solve the problem of supercoiling when unwinding a circular ds DNA? 4. Explain how DNA is synthesized in a 5’-3’ direction on both the leading and lagging strand simultaneously during DNA replication. 5. What are the components of the DNA replication complex and what is the function of each molecule? 6. What is the function of the clamp loader and the b-clamp in DNA replication? 7. What polymerases are used in eukaryotic DNA replication? 8. How do eukaryotic cells replicate all of their DNA in a timely fashion? 9. How does the DNA replication complex stay stationary in the nucleus? 10. How does telomerase solve the end replication problem in eukaryotes and how does it work? 11. How is DNA repaired? What are the five mechanisms?