Bio 1140 Test 4 Study Guide PDF

Exam 4 Study guide Chapter 10 How Genes Work 1. List the evidence that all life comes from a single common ancestor. 2. What are the limitations of science, what makes something scientific versus not scientific? (Chapter 1 and 12) 3. Define transcription and translation. Where does translation...

Exam 4 Study guide Chapter 10 How Genes Work 1. List the evidence that all life comes from a single common ancestor. 2. What are the limitations of science, what makes something scientific versus not scientific? (Chapter 1 and 12) 3. Define transcription and translation. Where does translation occur? 4. Name the molecule that gets translated in ribosomes. 5. Describe the three characteristics of the genetic code (Nearly universal… ) 6. Define mutations, provide examples of different types of mutations. 7. Explain the difference between mutations and epigenetics. 8. When is it most likely that gene mutations occur? 9. Why are gene mutations important for evolution? 10.Explain what is meant by DNA replication being semi-conservative. 11.If a parent strand has the sequence 5’ GATTACA 3’, then what would be the sequence of the daughter strand? 12.Explain the importance of telomeres. 13.Explain how the different types of mutations lead to new alleles, provide examples. 14.Explain how the genetic code is unambiguous, redundant, and nearly universal. 15.What is epigenetic control of gene expression. 16.Describe the different types of transcriptional regulation (found in the power point lecture for chapter 10) 17. Explain the importance of gene expression for our cells. 18.Explain what happens during transcription and translation. 19.What did we learn about epigenetic inheritance from the Dutch Hunger Winter? 20.Describe the differences between a lytic and lysogenic life cycle in viruses. 21.What is lactose intolerance, what causes it. Why can some people break down lactose? 22.What is Golen Rice? Why did someone engineer Golden Rice? Explain why it’s safe for consumption. 23.What is a GMO? Explain the scientific evidence regarding the safety of GMOs. 24.Describe the propaganda used against GMOs, what do many of these statements share in common? 25.What is a transgenic organism? 26.Why is it possible for us to make trans-genic organisms? 27.What happens to the climate when atmospheric carbon dioxide increases. 28.What is the cause of the rapid rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 29.Explain the most important reasons that led to the human population rapidly growing to over 8 billion people. 30.What was it like the last time atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were the same as today? 31.What is AquAdvantage salmon? How do we know it’s safe for consumption. 32.What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? Why does it matter to humans? 33.In addition to climate change, describe the ways that humans are impacting the Earth. 34.Explain the difference between climate and weather. 35.The climate has changed in the past, what do have we learned about the causes of natural climate change (example, carbon in the atmosphere) 36.What is one of the biggest consequences of climate change? 37.Describe the “dihydrogen monoxide hoax”. 38.Describe the natural causes of climate change. 39.Explain how scientists have ruled out natural causes for current climate change. 40.Describe the methods used to attack or discredit science. 41.List the methods of science denialism. 42.Know this statement: The climate will affect you in the next decade.