STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 IFS1 PDF
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University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
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This document contains a study guide for an exam titled "Exam 2 IFS1". It covers various aspects of the upper body, including the spine, shoulder, and related muscles and nerves. The document structures the subject through questions and concepts related to the human body's anatomy and biomechanics.
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STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 IFS1 Damage root, spinal nerve, or ramus and what its result. Damage to a "specific level" of cervical spinal nerves, what mms or affected Posture effect on muscles/ligaments/joints: neck, thoracic spine etc. - Nachemso...
STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2 IFS1 Damage root, spinal nerve, or ramus and what its result. Damage to a "specific level" of cervical spinal nerves, what mms or affected Posture effect on muscles/ligaments/joints: neck, thoracic spine etc. - Nachemson study on postural positions and effect on disc pressures LB muscle anatomy, where/what is deeper/what is medial or lateral, etc. - Movement of spine and effects on ligaments, muscles, intervertebral foramen, disc & facet - Pelvic tilt and effect on spine - spinal muscles and moment arms based on location - arthrokinematics of cervical and lumbar movements (flex/ext, side bend, rotations - action of back muscles Suboccipital area, specific content, mms, nerves, ligaments, vasculature - arthrokinematics of occiput and C1 Arthrokinematics of sterno-clavicular joint with scapula movements. Scapular movements including tilt. 2 arthrokinematics, scap, gh, clavicle Movement of clavicle. Axis of rotation GH. What ligaments cause clavicle to rotate post Ligaments of GH and AC joint Force couples in shoulder Spinal arteries, UE arteries Coracoacromial ligament and bursae amage to any nerve, what muscle(s) would be weak in shoulder/scapula and/or what D movement would be affected uadrangular, triangular space and interval: contents and what would happen if damage to Q a space-what affected? Pain with a resisted movement = what muscle(s) was/were injured in UE tenderness to palpation of an area = what muscle could it be Remember to integrate Neurosensory system assistwith upright trunk balance. Function of different areas of brain with balance: Cerebellum, basal ganglia Shoulder Study Questions 1. what’s the orientation of the scapula, why is it important to know this? - 30–40 degrees anterior to the frontal plane - . what are the axio-apendicular muscles of the shoulder and what is their innervation 2 and action? - Trapezius - Innervated by Spinal Accessory ( CNXI) - Latissimus Dorsi - Innervated by Thoracodorsal n. (C6, 7, 8) . how can you determine the action of a given muscle? [i.e., the infraspinatus roughly 3 attaches to the posterior aspect of the head of the humerus, thus it can produce external rotation of the shoulder/humerus) - nowing the origin and Insertion of the muscle and noticing how the muscle fibers run K while taking into account the joint's ability to move Can help you determine the muscle's action. . what are the rotator cuff muscles and what’s their action, attachments and 4 innervation 1. Supraspinatus a. Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula b. Insertion: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus c. Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6) 2. Infraspinatus a. Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula b. Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus c. Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5,6) 3. Teres Minor a. Origin: Middle part of lateral border of scapular b. Insertion: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus c. Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5,6) 4. Subscapularis a. Origin: Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula) b. Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus c. Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6,7) 5. what muscles act on the scapulothoracic joint ➔ Elevators 1. Upper Trapezius 2. Levator Scapulae 3. Rhomboids ➔ Depressors 1. Lower Trapezius 2. Latissimus Dorsi 3. Pectoralis Minor 4. Subclavius ➔ Protractors 1. Serratus Anterior ➔ Retractors 1. Middle Trapezius 2. Rhomboids 3. Lower Trapezius ➔ Upward Rotators 1. Serratus Anterior 2. Upper and Lower Trapezius ➔ Downward Rotators 1. Rhomboids 2. Pectoralis Minor 6. what muscles act on the glenohumeral joint ➔ ABduction and Flexion 1. Glenohumeral Joint Muscles Anterior (fibers) and Middle (contributes) Deltoid Coracocbrachialis Biceps (Long Head) 2. Scapulothoracic Joint Muscles Serratus Anterior (Protracts Scapula) Trapezius (Force couple for stability) 3. Rotator Cuff Muscles (If one isn't working, the other 3 get knotted or too tight and disrupts arthrokinematics) Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis ➔ ADduction and Extension Posterior Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Long head of Triceps Sternocostal head of Pectoralis Major ➔ External (lateral) Rotation Infraspinatus Teres minor Posterior Deltoid ➔ Internal (medial) Rotation Subscapularis Anterior Deltoid Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major 7. what force couples act on the scapula and shoulder ➔ Glenohumeral ABduction Supraspinatus Middle Deltoid ➔ Scapulothoracic Upward Rotation Upper Trapezius Lower Trapezius Serratus Anterior ➔ Scapulothoracic Downward Rotation Rhomboids Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Minor . is the teres major a rotator cuff muscle? What’s its action? What rotator cuff muscle 8 has a similar action? ➔ N o, Teres Major isnota Rotator Cuff muscle ➔ Action 1. ADducts and Medially rotates arm ➔ Rotator Cuff muscle with a similar action 1. Subscapularis Medially rotates the arm . what three out of four rotator cuff muscles induce inferior slide of the humerus on the 9 scapula? Which muscles assist with superior rolling of the humerus on the glenoid? 10. what nerves arise from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus? . S 1 uprascapular n. 2. Subclavian n. 11. what nerves arise from the roots of the brachial plexus? . Dorsal Scapular n. 1 2. Long Thoracic n. 12. what nerves arise from the cords that are not terminal branches? [i.e., the ulnar nerve is a terminal branch but the lateral pectoral is not] . 3 ateral Pectoral n. L 4. Upper Subscapular n. 5. Thoracodorsal n. 6. Lower subscapular n. 7. Medial Pectoral n. 8. Medial Brachial Cutaneous n. 9. Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous n. 13. review the dermatomes and myotomes of the arm (we reviewed them the meeting efore last) b Dermatomes C5: Lateral shoulder and upper arm. C6: Lateral forearm, thumb, and index finger. C7: Middle finger and central palm. C8: Ring and little fingers, medial forearm. T1: Medial side of the upper arm. Myotomes C5: Shoulder abduction (deltoid) and elbow flexion (biceps). C6: Elbow flexion (biceps, brachioradialis) and wrist extension. C7: Elbow extension (triceps) and wrist flexion. C8: Finger flexion and extension (flexor digitorum, extensor digitorum). T1: Finger abduction/adduction (interossei muscles). 14. what’s the vasculature of the UE- know: There’s a lot of information - go to MOORE’s Page 193. All of these are on that page. a. subclavian artery > axillary artery b. suprascapular artery c. thoraco-acromial artery d. circumflex humeral artery e. subscapular artery f. circumflex scapular artery g. thoracodorsal artery Biomechanics of the shoulder: capulohumeral rhythm – ratio, greatest amount of scapular motion, when does it S happen? ➔ T he ratio is 2:1 meaning for every 3 degrees of shoulder ABduction, 2 degrees occur by GH joint ABduction and 1 degree occurs by scapulothoracic joint upward rotation. ➔ The greatest amount of scapular motion is 60 degrees of upward rotation which occurs during shoulder ABduction. Scapulohumeral rhythm: what’s its function? ➔ the scapulohumeral rhythm maximizes shoulder ROM by enabling smooth, coordinated movement and preventing mechanical problems like impingement or instability. hat are the arthrokinematics of the GH joint? This is an integration question W from previous knowledge on arthrokinematics. ➔ ABduction and ADduction ◆ Plane of Motion / Axis of Rotation a. Near frontal plane / near anterior-posterior axis of rotation ◆ Arthrokinematics a. Roll and slide along joint’s longitudinal diameter ➔ Internal and External Rotation ◆ Plane of Motion / Axis of Rotation a. Horizontal Plane / vertical Axis of Rotation ◆ Arthrokinematics a. Roll and Slide along joint’s transverse diameter ➔ Flexion and Extension, Internal and External Rotation (in 90 degrees of ABduction) ◆ Plane of Motion / Axis of Rotation a. Near Sagittal plane / near medial-lateral axis of rotation ◆ Arthrokinematics a. Primarily a spin between humeral head and glenoid fossa
