Finals - Introduction to Forensic Science PDF

FINALS DISCUSSIONS FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY COMPUTER FORENSICS POLYGRAPHY FINALS DISCUSSIONS FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY  FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY the appl...

FINALS DISCUSSIONS FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY COMPUTER FORENSICS POLYGRAPHY FINALS DISCUSSIONS FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY  FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY the application of the arts and sciences of dentistry to the legal system ✔ That branch of forensic medicine ✔ Proper handling and examination of dental evidence and with the proper evaluation and presentation of the dental findings." (Keiser-Neilson, 1970)  -- DENTITIONS ✔ PRIMARY DENTITIONS - Teeth that erupts first - Eruptions starts at about 6 months of age. - 20 primary teeth  -- -- ✔ SECONDARY/ PERMANENT DENTITIONS - The teeth that replace deciduous teeth that eventually sheds off. - First Permanent teeth to erupt is the first molar (6-7 years after birth) - 32 permanent teeth  -- IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY ✔ Dental records are considered identifiers in determining the identity of deceased remains ✔ Age Estimation ✔ Lifestyle and Diet of the person  -- BITE MARK ANALYSIS ✔ POSSIBLE SITE OF BITE MARKS - FEMALES: breasts, legs, inner part of thigh (sexual assault) - CHILDREN (genitals, oral, para oral regions) (child abuse) - MALES: fingers, arms, and shoulders (fight)  -- WHEN IS DENTAL IDENTIFICATION NEEDED? ✔ Decomposing remains ✔ Skeletonized remains ✔ Charred remains ✔ Multiple bodies from particular location ✔ Mass disasters  -- FORENSIC ODONTOLOGIST ✔ Specialized in Forensic odontology ✔ Appears in court as an expert witness - Dental Identification - Bite Mark analysis - Age estimation - Dental fraud, etc. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY  -- FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY ✔ Applying of psychology in understanding crimes and legal system ✔ Application of Clinical aspects in the legal proceedings.  -- IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY 1. They help assess the mental conditions of person 2. Determine violence and provide Risk assessment 3. Assessment of Children in Divorce Cases 4. Competency during legal proceedings  -- OTHER ROLES OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY ✔ To confirm/ verify criminal responsibility ✔ To determine whether attitude, intentions, discernment is connected to the criminal behavior ✔ Sanity ✔ Quantum of Punishment ✔ Sanity ✔ Competent to face trial proceedings ✔ Sentence reduction ✔ Criminal Profile ✔ Malingering  -- FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY IN CORRECTION ✔ Counselling of prisoners/ inmates ✔ Rehabilitation ✔ Restitution ✔ Reintegration ✔ Guidance  -- COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE Forensic Psychologists collect evidence from the following: ✔ Observation ✔ Case history ✔ Experiment ✔ Research ✔ Interview and Interrogation  -- FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY AND FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY Forensic Psychology- focuses on general well- being and assessment. Counselling, therapy and for the general crowd. Forensic Psychiatry- deals with medical area, mental diagnosis, and medical treatment for serious illnesses of the V-W-O. FINALS DISCUSSIONS COMPUTER FORENSICS  -- COMPUTER FORENSICS ✔ Identification, preservation, extraction, documentation, and interpretation of computer data for evidence purposes ✔ Evidences collected assists in the apprehension, and prosecution of cybercrime perpetrators.  -- CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT ✔ RA 10175 (2012) CATEGORIES OF CYBERCRIME 1. CRIMES AGAINST CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) 2. COMPUTER- RELATED OFFENSES 3. CONTENT- RELATED OFFENSES 4. OTHER CYBERCRIME OFFENSES  -- CRIMES AGAINST CIA ✔ Illegal access ✔ illegal interception ✔ Data Interference ✔ System Interference ✔ Misuses of Devices ✔ Cybersquatting  -- COMPUTER- RELATED OFFENSES ✔ Computer- related forgery ✔ Computer- related fraud ✔ Computer- related Identity theft  -- CONTENT- RELATED OFFENSES ✔ Cybersex ✔ Child pornography ✔ Unsolicited Commercial Communications ✔ Cyber libel  -- COMMON TYPES OF INTERNET FRAUD ✔ Phishing- Creation of email messages appear to be legitimate or legal business websites ✔ Smishing- via sms/ text messages  -- COMMON TYPES OF INTERNET FRAUD ✔ Love Scams/ Romance scam Creation of fake account, fake dating apps. ✔ Job Scam- creating fake websites to lure aspiring job seekers to appl  -- COMMON TYPES OF INTERNET FRAUD ✔ Lottery Scam- Involves emails, letters or text messages that a person receives about winning a lottery (raffle draws, bingo, etc. ) ✔ Emergency Scam- Grandparent Scam. - Con artists claim to be their relative. - Pretends to be injured or in an emergency situation  -- MALWARES- Malicious software; causes damage to a computer or invades a computer to steal information from it CLASSIFICATIONS 1. VIRUS- loaded on the target computer without the owner’s knowledge and permission. Self- replicating malware (without detection)  -- -- b. WORMS ✔ A self-replicating computer program that penetrates an ✔ operating system ✔ With the intent of spreading malicious code ✔ May not damage data, but the computer system c. TROJAN HORSE ✔ Masquerades itself of something legitimate but not ✔ Trick users by clicking free apps, games, ads, etc. ✔ Appears to be useful/ harmless but damages the same  -- -- d. SPYWARE installed in a computer without the knowledge of the user ✔ collects private information, activities (passwords, etc.) secretly gathers data e. ADWARE redirects the user to web advertisements f. MALVERTISING using of legitimate ads to covertly deliver malware to unsuspecting computers g. RANSOMWARE encrypts data/ files and demands payment FINALS DISCUSSIONS POLYGRAPHY  -- POLYGRAPHY ✔ A scientific method of detecting deception with the use of polygraph. ✔ Also known as “Scientific truth verification”.  -- WHAT’S A POLYGRAPH? - an instrument/ device capable of recording changes in blood pressure, pulse respiration, and skin resistance in the physiological phenomena that maybe used as bases for the application of a reliable technique of diagnosing truth of deception. GREEK WORD: poly= many/ several graph= writing  -- POLYGRAPH OTHER TERMS ✔ Lie Detector ✔ Polygraph machine ✔ Deceptograph ✔ Truth Verifier  -- COMPONENTS OF POLYGRAPH PNEUMOGRAPH CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH  -- WHO ADMINISTERS POLYGRAPHY? ✔ Trained polygraphist ✔ Lie Detector Specialist (LDS) ✔ Forensic Psychophysiologist (FP) ✔ Polygraph Examiner By: asking Questions relevant to the case under investigation  -- PURPOSE OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION a. VERIFY the statement of the victim/ complainant b. ESTABLISH CREDIBILITY of the witness c. EVALUATES THE TRUTHFULNESS of the suspects.  -- FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE POLYGRAPH RESULTS ✔ The instrument ✔ Condition of the subject ✔ Condition of the Examination room ✔ The qualification of the Examiner FINALS DISCUSSIONS MASS FATALITY INVESTIGATION  -- ❑ DISASTER ✔ an unfortunate event that could lead to the destruction of life and property. 1. OPEN DISASTER 2. CLOSED DISASTER 3. BOTH  -- GENERAL TYPES OF DISASTERS 1. MANMADE caused ✔ incidents - human intervention * Public rallies, hostage situations, barricade situations, demolitions, bomb threats, kidnapping, rebellion, etc.  -- 2. NATURAL caused disasters - occurs naturally * Earthquakes, tsunami, typhoons, storms, avalanche, etc.  -- MASS FATALITY ✔ An incident wherein a great number of population are involved and are killed. ✔ Locating, Identifying, and recovering dead/ deceased bodies MASS- large number of population FATALITY- death  -- MASS FATALITY MASS CASUALTY ✔ involves death of ✔ involves injured, victims due to the wounded, or killed massive incident victims ✔ Recovery operation ✔ coordination with ✔ DVI medical services ✔ DVI  -- ELEMENTS OF MASS FATALITY ✔ There is a disaster ✔ Massive number of population in involved ✔ Number of deceased are greater during the recovery operation ✔ The incident overwhelms the available resources.  -- -- ✔ ✔ Focuses on the identification of fatality in that affected area ✔ Many agencies are involved to manage the incident occurred. ✔ May involve cross jurisdiction  -- -- ✔ FORENSIC FORENSIC FORENSIC ODONTOLOGISTS PATHOLOGISTS ANTHROPOLOGISTS FORENSIC BIOLOGISTS SAFETY SPECIALISTS  -- DVI- DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION  -- --