Forensic Odontology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary dentition?

  • Teeth that erupt first in infants (correct)
  • Teeth that erupt after age 7
  • Teeth that are present at birth
  • Teeth that replace deciduous teeth

Which scenario would necessitate dental identification?

  • Collecting fingerprints
  • Identifying a living suspect
  • Assessing dental health
  • Decomposing remains (correct)

What role does a forensic odontologist typically fulfill in legal proceedings?

  • Conducting psychological evaluations
  • Analyzing handwriting
  • Providing bite mark analysis (correct)
  • Performing DNA tests

What are dental records primarily used for in forensic odontology?

<p>Identifying the deceased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a branch of forensic psychology?

<p>Performing autopsies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of bite mark analysis?

<p>Examining injuries in sexual assault cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forensic psychology is primarily concerned with:

<p>The application of psychology in understanding crimes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes secondary or permanent dentitions?

<p>Teeth that replace primary teeth and are 32 in number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of spyware?

<p>To collect private information without the user's knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of malware is known for its ability to replicate itself and spread throughout operating systems?

<p>Virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an emergency scam, who typically pretends to be in distress?

<p>A relative of the victim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is commonly used to refer to the machine that detects deception?

<p>Polygraph (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Trojan Horse from other types of malware?

<p>It appears to be a legitimate program but is harmful (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of forensic psychology in legal proceedings?

<p>Determining criminal responsibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes malvertising?

<p>Using advertisements to deliver malware covertly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a part of the forensic psychology's assessment process?

<p>Conducting physical evaluations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of forensic psychiatry compared to forensic psychology?

<p>Medical diagnosis and treatment of illnesses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological changes does a polygraph measure?

<p>Blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which job scam tactic is commonly used by fraudsters?

<p>Creating fake websites to attract job seekers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of cybercrime under the Cybercrime Prevention Act?

<p>Crimes against CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a content-related offense?

<p>Child pornography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common types of internet fraud associated with fake identities?

<p>Love scams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used to collect evidence in forensic psychology?

<p>Research and experimentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a computer-related offense?

<p>Computer-related fraud (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary purposes of a polygraph examination?

<p>To verify the statement of the victim/complainant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects polygraph results?

<p>The time of day the examination occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a mass casualty incident from a mass fatality incident?

<p>Mass casualty involves only injuries, not deaths. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disaster is caused by human intervention?

<p>Manmade disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an element of mass fatality?

<p>Disaster overwhelming the available resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DVI stand for in the context of mass fatality investigations?

<p>Disaster Victim Identification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of closed disasters?

<p>They are restricted to a specific area or location. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which professionals are involved in disaster victim identification?

<p>Forensic odontologists and forensic pathologists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Malware

Malicious software that can damage a computer or steal information.

Virus

A self-replicating malware that infects a computer without the user's knowledge. It spreads itself without detection.

Worm

A self-replicating program that spreads through networks, often to infect other computers.

Trojan Horse

Malware disguised as legitimate software. Tricks users into downloading and installing it.

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Spyware

Software that secretly collects private information from a computer, like passwords and browsing history.

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Polygraph

A device that measures physiological changes to detect deception.

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Lie Detector

Another term for a polygraph, a device used to detect deception.

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PneumoGraph

A component of the polygraph that measures breathing patterns.

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Polygraph Examiner

A trained professional who uses a polygraph machine to assess a person's physiological responses to questions, aiming to detect deception.

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Purpose of Polygraph Examination

The primary goal of polygraph examination is to determine the truthfulness of statements made by individuals involved in an investigation.

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Factors Affecting Polygraph Results

Factors such as the instrument's condition, the subject's physical and emotional state, the examination room environment, and the examiner's qualifications can influence the accuracy of polygraph results.

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Disaster

An unforeseen event causing significant destruction of life and property.

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Mass Fatality

An incident where a large number of people are killed.

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Mass Fatality vs. Mass Casualty

Mass fatality involves deaths, while mass casualty involves injuries and fatalities.

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Elements of Mass Fatality

Mass fatality incidents involve a disaster, a large number of people affected, a significant number of deaths during recovery, and a strain on available resources.

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DVI (Disaster Victim Identification)

The process of identifying victims in mass fatality events, involving coordination among various agencies.

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Forensic Odontology

The application of dental science to the legal system. It involves examining dental evidence, identifying individuals, and providing expert testimony.

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Primary Dentition

The first set of teeth that erupt in children. These teeth are also known as baby teeth and typically start erupting around 6 months of age.

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Secondary/Permanent Dentition

The second set of teeth that replace the deciduous teeth. These teeth are also known as adult teeth. The first permanent molar erupts around 6-7 years of age.

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Importance of Forensic Odontology

Dental records are crucial in identifying deceased individuals, estimating age, and providing insights into an individual's lifestyle and diet.

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Bite Mark Analysis

The examination of bite marks on a victim or object to determine the identity of the biter. This analysis is often used in cases of sexual assault, child abuse, and assault.

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Forensic Psychologist

A psychologist who applies psychological principles to legal matters. They assist in understanding criminal behavior, assessing mental states, and providing expert testimony.

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Importance of Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychologists play crucial roles in assessing mental conditions, evaluating violence risks, and providing insight into child custody cases.

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Forensic odontologist's roles

A specialized dentist who provides expert testimony in court, assisting in the identification of individuals through dental records, bite mark analysis, age estimation, and dental fraud cases.

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Forensic Psychology's Role

Forensic psychologists assess mental state and competency in legal cases. They contribute to understanding criminal behavior, determining responsibility, and providing expert testimony.

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Criminal Responsibility

Forensic psychologists evaluate if a person understands their actions and can control them during a crime. This determines if they can be held accountable.

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Competency to Stand Trial

Forensic psychologists assess a defendant's ability to understand legal proceedings, communicate with their lawyer, and assist in their defense.

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What is Computer Forensics?

Computer forensics is the art of uncovering digital evidence from computers and other devices for legal purposes. It helps track down cybercriminals.

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Cybercrime Prevention Act (RA 10175)

The Philippine law that aims to protect individuals and organizations from various cybercrimes, including online fraud, hacking, and identity theft.

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Crimes Against CIA

These cybercrimes focus on compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. Think of hackers trying to steal data, change it, or make it inaccessible.

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Computer-Related Offenses

Crimes where computers are used as tools for illegal activities like forgery, fraud, and stealing identities. Think of hackers using computers to create fake documents, steal money, or impersonate others.

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Phishing vs. Smishing

Phishing involves using fake emails and websites to trick people into giving away personal information. Smishing is the same but uses text messages.

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Study Notes

Forensic Odontology

  • Forensic odontology applies dentistry to legal systems.
  • It's a branch of forensic medicine.
  • Proper handling and examination of dental evidence is crucial.
  • Proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings are essential.

Dentitions

  • Primary Dentitions:
    • Teeth erupt first.
    • Eruption begins around 6 months of age.
    • 20 primary teeth.
  • Secondary/Permanent Dentitions:
    • Replace deciduous teeth.
    • First permanent tooth is the first molar (6-7 years post-birth).
    • 32 permanent teeth.

Importance of Forensic Odontology

  • Dental records identify deceased remains.
  • Useful for age estimation.
  • Provides insights into lifestyle and diet.

Bite Mark Analysis

  • Bite marks differ based on gender (females: breasts, legs, thighs; children: genitals, oral, para-oral; males: fingers, arms, shoulders).
  • The marks analyzed help determine the type of assault.

When is Dental Identification Needed?

  • Decomposing remains.
  • Skeletonized remains.
  • Charred remains.
  • Multiple bodies from the same location.
  • Mass disasters.

Forensic Odontologist

  • Specializes in forensic odontology.
  • Appears in court as an expert witness.
  • Performs dental identification.
  • Conducts bite mark analysis.
  • Estimates age.
  • Addresses dental fraud.

Forensic Psychology

  • Applies psychology to understand crimes and legal systems.
  • Uses clinical aspects to guide legal proceedings.

Importance of Forensic Psychology

  • Assess mental conditions of individuals.
  • Determine and assess risk of violence.
  • Evaluate children in divorce cases.
  • Assess competency in legal proceedings.

Other Roles of Forensic Psychology

  • Confirm/verify criminal responsibility.
  • Determine the connection between attitude, intentions, discernment and criminal behavior.
  • Evaluate sanity and quantum of punishment.
  • Assess competency in trial proceedings.
  • Reduce sentences.
  • Create criminal profiles.
  • Identify malingering.

Forensic Psychology in Correction

  • Counseling of prisoners/inmates.
  • Rehabilitation.
  • Restitution.
  • Reintegration.
  • Guidance.

Collection of Evidence

  • Forensic psychologists collect evidence through:
    • Observation.
    • Case history.
    • Experiments.
    • Research.
    • Interviews & interrogations.

Forensic Psychology & Psychiatry

  • Forensic Psychology: Focuses on general well-being, assessment, counseling, and therapy for the general population.
  • Forensic Psychiatry: Deals with medical aspects, diagnoses, and treatments for serious mental illnesses.

Computer Forensics

  • Identifies, preserves, extracts, documents, and interprets computer data as evidence.
  • Assists in apprehending and prosecuting cybercrime perpetrators.

Cybercrime Prevention Act

  • Refers to Republic Act 10175 (2012).
  • Categorizes cybercrimes into:
    1. Crimes against CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability)
    2. Computer-related offenses.
    3. Content-related offenses.
    4. Other cybercrime offenses.

Crimes Against CIA

  • Illegal access.
  • Illegal interception.
  • Data interference.
  • System interference.
  • Misuses of devices.
  • Cybersquatting.
  • Computer-related forgery.
  • Computer-related fraud.
  • Computer-related identity theft.

Content-Related Offenses

  • Cybersex.
  • Child pornography.
  • Unsolicited commercial communications.
  • Cyber libel.

Common Types of Internet Fraud

  • Phishing: Creating emails that mimic legitimate or business websites.
  • Smishing: Using SMS or text messages to trick individuals.
  • Love Scams/Romance Scams: Creating fake accounts and profiles on dating apps.
  • Job Scams: Creating fake websites to lure job seekers.
  • Lottery Scams: Sending emails or text messages about winning a lottery.
  • Emergency Scams/Grandparent Scams: Con artists pretending to be a relative in an emergency.

Malware

  • Malicious software designed to damage or steal information from computers.
  • Virus: Self-replicating malware that loads onto a computer without permission.
  • Worms: Self-replicating programs spreading malicious code throughout an operating system.
  • Trojan Horse: Masquerades as a legitimate program but secretly damages the system.
  • Spyware: Secretly collects information from a computer.
  • Adware: Redirects to web advertisements.
  • Malvertising: Using legitimate ads to deliver malware.
  • Ransomware: Encrypts data/files and demands payment for release.

Polygraphy

  • A scientific method for detecting deception using polygraphs.
  • Also called "scientific truth verification."

What is a Polygraph?

  • An instrument that measures physiological changes (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, skin resistance) to detect deception.
  • Based on the interpretation of these physiological responses to questions.

Polygraph Other Terms

  • Lie detector.
  • Polygraph machine.
  • Deceptograph.
  • Truth verifier.

Components of a Polygraph

  • Pneumograph
  • Cardiosphygmograph

Who Administers Polygraphy?

  • Trained polygraphists.
  • Lie Detector Specialists (LDS).
  • Forensic Psychophysiologists (FP).
  • Polygraph Examiners.

Purpose of Polygraph Examination

  • Verify the statements of victims/complainants.
  • Establish credibility of witnesses.
  • Evaluate the truthfulness of suspects.

Factors Affecting Polygraph Results

  • Instrument condition.
  • Subject condition.
  • Examination room condition.
  • Examiner qualification.

Mass Fatality Investigation

  • An incident where a significant number of people die.
  • Disaster: An event leading to life and property destruction.
  • Open Disaster: Events easily apparent (e.g., natural disaster).
  • Closed Disaster: Events concealed (e.g., certain crimes, accidental deaths, etc.).
  • Mass Casualty: Large number of injuries/deaths, requires medical coordination.

Elements of Mass Fatality

  • Disaster has occurred.
  • Massive number of casualties involved.
  • Number of deceased greater during recovery.
  • Incident overwhelms available resources.

Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)

  • Phase-based process to identify victims of a disaster.
  • Key phases:
    • Reconnaissance/Reclamation.
    • Ante-mortem.
    • Scene.
    • Post-mortem.

Forensic Professionals in DVI

  • Forensic Odontologists.
  • Forensic Pathologists.
  • Forensic Anthropologists.
  • Forensic Biologists.
  • Safety specialists.

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Description

This quiz explores the intersection of forensic science and dentistry, detailing the practices and importance of forensic odontology. Topics include dental identification, dentition types, and bite mark analysis, which are crucial in legal contexts. Gain insights into how dental records can assist in investigations and the identification of remains.

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