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Questions and Answers
What is a primary dentition?
What is a primary dentition?
Which scenario would necessitate dental identification?
Which scenario would necessitate dental identification?
What role does a forensic odontologist typically fulfill in legal proceedings?
What role does a forensic odontologist typically fulfill in legal proceedings?
What are dental records primarily used for in forensic odontology?
What are dental records primarily used for in forensic odontology?
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Which of these is NOT a branch of forensic psychology?
Which of these is NOT a branch of forensic psychology?
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What is a common use of bite mark analysis?
What is a common use of bite mark analysis?
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Forensic psychology is primarily concerned with:
Forensic psychology is primarily concerned with:
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Which of the following describes secondary or permanent dentitions?
Which of the following describes secondary or permanent dentitions?
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What is the primary function of spyware?
What is the primary function of spyware?
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Which type of malware is known for its ability to replicate itself and spread throughout operating systems?
Which type of malware is known for its ability to replicate itself and spread throughout operating systems?
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In an emergency scam, who typically pretends to be in distress?
In an emergency scam, who typically pretends to be in distress?
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Which term is commonly used to refer to the machine that detects deception?
Which term is commonly used to refer to the machine that detects deception?
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What distinguishes a Trojan Horse from other types of malware?
What distinguishes a Trojan Horse from other types of malware?
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What is one of the roles of forensic psychology in legal proceedings?
What is one of the roles of forensic psychology in legal proceedings?
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Which of the following best describes malvertising?
Which of the following best describes malvertising?
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Which of these is NOT a part of the forensic psychology's assessment process?
Which of these is NOT a part of the forensic psychology's assessment process?
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What is the main focus of forensic psychiatry compared to forensic psychology?
What is the main focus of forensic psychiatry compared to forensic psychology?
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What physiological changes does a polygraph measure?
What physiological changes does a polygraph measure?
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Which job scam tactic is commonly used by fraudsters?
Which job scam tactic is commonly used by fraudsters?
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Which of the following is a category of cybercrime under the Cybercrime Prevention Act?
Which of the following is a category of cybercrime under the Cybercrime Prevention Act?
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Which of the following is an example of a content-related offense?
Which of the following is an example of a content-related offense?
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What is one of the common types of internet fraud associated with fake identities?
What is one of the common types of internet fraud associated with fake identities?
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Which method is commonly used to collect evidence in forensic psychology?
Which method is commonly used to collect evidence in forensic psychology?
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Which of the following is considered a computer-related offense?
Which of the following is considered a computer-related offense?
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What is one of the primary purposes of a polygraph examination?
What is one of the primary purposes of a polygraph examination?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects polygraph results?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects polygraph results?
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What distinguishes a mass casualty incident from a mass fatality incident?
What distinguishes a mass casualty incident from a mass fatality incident?
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Which type of disaster is caused by human intervention?
Which type of disaster is caused by human intervention?
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Which of the following is an element of mass fatality?
Which of the following is an element of mass fatality?
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What does DVI stand for in the context of mass fatality investigations?
What does DVI stand for in the context of mass fatality investigations?
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Which is a characteristic of closed disasters?
Which is a characteristic of closed disasters?
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Which professionals are involved in disaster victim identification?
Which professionals are involved in disaster victim identification?
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Study Notes
Forensic Odontology
- Forensic odontology applies dentistry to legal systems.
- It's a branch of forensic medicine.
- Proper handling and examination of dental evidence is crucial.
- Proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings are essential.
Dentitions
-
Primary Dentitions:
- Teeth erupt first.
- Eruption begins around 6 months of age.
- 20 primary teeth.
-
Secondary/Permanent Dentitions:
- Replace deciduous teeth.
- First permanent tooth is the first molar (6-7 years post-birth).
- 32 permanent teeth.
Importance of Forensic Odontology
- Dental records identify deceased remains.
- Useful for age estimation.
- Provides insights into lifestyle and diet.
Bite Mark Analysis
- Bite marks differ based on gender (females: breasts, legs, thighs; children: genitals, oral, para-oral; males: fingers, arms, shoulders).
- The marks analyzed help determine the type of assault.
When is Dental Identification Needed?
- Decomposing remains.
- Skeletonized remains.
- Charred remains.
- Multiple bodies from the same location.
- Mass disasters.
Forensic Odontologist
- Specializes in forensic odontology.
- Appears in court as an expert witness.
- Performs dental identification.
- Conducts bite mark analysis.
- Estimates age.
- Addresses dental fraud.
Forensic Psychology
- Applies psychology to understand crimes and legal systems.
- Uses clinical aspects to guide legal proceedings.
Importance of Forensic Psychology
- Assess mental conditions of individuals.
- Determine and assess risk of violence.
- Evaluate children in divorce cases.
- Assess competency in legal proceedings.
Other Roles of Forensic Psychology
- Confirm/verify criminal responsibility.
- Determine the connection between attitude, intentions, discernment and criminal behavior.
- Evaluate sanity and quantum of punishment.
- Assess competency in trial proceedings.
- Reduce sentences.
- Create criminal profiles.
- Identify malingering.
Forensic Psychology in Correction
- Counseling of prisoners/inmates.
- Rehabilitation.
- Restitution.
- Reintegration.
- Guidance.
Collection of Evidence
- Forensic psychologists collect evidence through:
- Observation.
- Case history.
- Experiments.
- Research.
- Interviews & interrogations.
Forensic Psychology & Psychiatry
- Forensic Psychology: Focuses on general well-being, assessment, counseling, and therapy for the general population.
- Forensic Psychiatry: Deals with medical aspects, diagnoses, and treatments for serious mental illnesses.
Computer Forensics
- Identifies, preserves, extracts, documents, and interprets computer data as evidence.
- Assists in apprehending and prosecuting cybercrime perpetrators.
Cybercrime Prevention Act
- Refers to Republic Act 10175 (2012).
- Categorizes cybercrimes into:
- Crimes against CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability)
- Computer-related offenses.
- Content-related offenses.
- Other cybercrime offenses.
Crimes Against CIA
- Illegal access.
- Illegal interception.
- Data interference.
- System interference.
- Misuses of devices.
- Cybersquatting.
Computer-Related Offenses
- Computer-related forgery.
- Computer-related fraud.
- Computer-related identity theft.
Content-Related Offenses
- Cybersex.
- Child pornography.
- Unsolicited commercial communications.
- Cyber libel.
Common Types of Internet Fraud
- Phishing: Creating emails that mimic legitimate or business websites.
- Smishing: Using SMS or text messages to trick individuals.
- Love Scams/Romance Scams: Creating fake accounts and profiles on dating apps.
- Job Scams: Creating fake websites to lure job seekers.
- Lottery Scams: Sending emails or text messages about winning a lottery.
- Emergency Scams/Grandparent Scams: Con artists pretending to be a relative in an emergency.
Malware
- Malicious software designed to damage or steal information from computers.
- Virus: Self-replicating malware that loads onto a computer without permission.
- Worms: Self-replicating programs spreading malicious code throughout an operating system.
- Trojan Horse: Masquerades as a legitimate program but secretly damages the system.
- Spyware: Secretly collects information from a computer.
- Adware: Redirects to web advertisements.
- Malvertising: Using legitimate ads to deliver malware.
- Ransomware: Encrypts data/files and demands payment for release.
Polygraphy
- A scientific method for detecting deception using polygraphs.
- Also called "scientific truth verification."
What is a Polygraph?
- An instrument that measures physiological changes (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, skin resistance) to detect deception.
- Based on the interpretation of these physiological responses to questions.
Polygraph Other Terms
- Lie detector.
- Polygraph machine.
- Deceptograph.
- Truth verifier.
Components of a Polygraph
- Pneumograph
- Cardiosphygmograph
Who Administers Polygraphy?
- Trained polygraphists.
- Lie Detector Specialists (LDS).
- Forensic Psychophysiologists (FP).
- Polygraph Examiners.
Purpose of Polygraph Examination
- Verify the statements of victims/complainants.
- Establish credibility of witnesses.
- Evaluate the truthfulness of suspects.
Factors Affecting Polygraph Results
- Instrument condition.
- Subject condition.
- Examination room condition.
- Examiner qualification.
Mass Fatality Investigation
- An incident where a significant number of people die.
- Disaster: An event leading to life and property destruction.
- Open Disaster: Events easily apparent (e.g., natural disaster).
- Closed Disaster: Events concealed (e.g., certain crimes, accidental deaths, etc.).
- Mass Casualty: Large number of injuries/deaths, requires medical coordination.
Elements of Mass Fatality
- Disaster has occurred.
- Massive number of casualties involved.
- Number of deceased greater during recovery.
- Incident overwhelms available resources.
Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
- Phase-based process to identify victims of a disaster.
- Key phases:
- Reconnaissance/Reclamation.
- Ante-mortem.
- Scene.
- Post-mortem.
Forensic Professionals in DVI
- Forensic Odontologists.
- Forensic Pathologists.
- Forensic Anthropologists.
- Forensic Biologists.
- Safety specialists.
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Description
This quiz explores the intersection of forensic science and dentistry, detailing the practices and importance of forensic odontology. Topics include dental identification, dentition types, and bite mark analysis, which are crucial in legal contexts. Gain insights into how dental records can assist in investigations and the identification of remains.
