Structures - questions with answers.docx

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PrudentRainforest

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structural engineering forces mechanics engineering

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1. **Name the five main types of structures.** - Frame, Shell, Arch, Beam, Box. 2. **What is a frame structure, and provide an example?** - A structure with a skeletal framework of beams and columns, e.g., Empire State Building. 3. **Describe a shell structure and give an...

1. **Name the five main types of structures.** - Frame, Shell, Arch, Beam, Box. 2. **What is a frame structure, and provide an example?** - A structure with a skeletal framework of beams and columns, e.g., Empire State Building. 3. **Describe a shell structure and give an example.** - A thin, curved structure that efficiently distributes loads, e.g., Sydney Opera House. 4. **What is the primary function of an arch structure, and name an example.** - Spans openings by transferring weight to supports, e.g., Pont du Gard. 5. **Explain the role of a beam in a structure.** - A horizontal element that resists loads and transfers them to supports. 6. **What is a box structure, and where might it be used?** - A hollow, rectangular structural element used in bridges, e.g., Millau Viaduct. 7. **Define the term \'force\' in the context of structures.** - A push or pull that can cause motion or deformation in a structure. 8. **What is a load, and how does it affect a structure?** - A force applied to a structure, causing stress or deformation. 9. **List the five types of forces that can act on a structure.** - Tension, Compression, Shear, Torsion, Bending. 10. **What is tension, and where is it commonly found in structures?** - A force that stretches or pulls an object, common in suspension bridges. 11. **Describe compression and give an everyday example.** - A force that squeezes or shortens an object, e.g., pressing a sponge. 12. **What is shear force, and how does it differ from tension and compression?** - A force causing parts of a material to slide past each other, unlike tension and compression that act along the length. 13. **Explain torsion and provide a simple example.** - A twisting force, e.g., twisting a pencil. 14. **What happens to a structure under bending force?** - The structure curves or flexes under perpendicular force. 15. **Define equilibrium in the context of structures.** - A state where all forces are balanced, with no movement. 16. **What is the centre of gravity, and why is it important in structural design?** - The point where weight is balanced; crucial for stability. 17. **How does triangulation contribute to the stability of structures?** - It creates stable, rigid frameworks that distribute loads effectively. 18. **What is the Factor of Safety (FoS), and how is it calculated?** - The ratio of maximum strength to applied load; calculated as ultimate strength divided by working stress. 19. **Describe a method of load testing a structure with an example.** - Applying weights to test strength, e.g., testing a playground swing set with heavy weights. 20. **What is Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), and why is it used?** - Testing to detect flaws without damaging the structure, e.g., using a magnet to check for rust.

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