Structure and Organization Disability in Sport PDF
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University of the West Indies, Mona
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Summary
This document discusses the structure and organization of disability sports, focusing on the international level, with specific reference to the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It covers the history, various sports, adaptations for participants, and relevant classification systems, such as the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF).
Full Transcript
Structure and Organization Disability in Sport [Established International adapted sport Federation] History of the games can be traced back to 1948 first national competition at Stoke Mandeville, England and international in 1952. International Paralympic Committee (IPC) International Olympic Co...
Structure and Organization Disability in Sport [Established International adapted sport Federation] History of the games can be traced back to 1948 first national competition at Stoke Mandeville, England and international in 1952. International Paralympic Committee (IPC) International Olympic Committee for persons with disabilities International Blind Sport Association International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (athletes does not compete in Paralympics) [Disability sport at the international level] - International organizations - International sport federations - International games organizing committees - National sports organizations - A management structure that helps facilitate the work of the primary organization [Structure of IPC] IPC organizes, supervises and coordinates the Paralympic games and other multi-disability competitions on the elite sport level. The international paralympic committee aims at a successful paralympic game, growth and strength within the movement as well as developing opportunities for women athletes. Not only this but they aim at the promotion of the paralympic games without discrimination and politics, ensure there is fairness and contribution of a drug free environment [Goal of International Paralympic Committee] Growth and strength of paralympic movement Opportunities for women athletes and those with severe disabilities ![](media/image2.png) [International Blind Sport Association] Founded in 1981 Paris 100 members across 5 countries Purpose of IBSA are: - Foster friendship among blind athletes. - Motivate and encourage blind individuals into regular participation in sporting activities. - Establish universally accepted rules for blind sports. [International Sport Organization for the Disabled] - Provide an international forum for the exchange of opinions, experiences, and resources related to sport for individuals with disabilities. - Prepare and disseminate international principles and standards recommended for application in all programs of sports for individuals with disabilities. Sporting Competitions and Classification of Athletes History of the games can be traced back to 1948 first national competition at Stoke Mandeville, England and international in 1952. Various sports include archery, athletics, basketball, boccie, cyc7ling, fencing, shooting and volleyball! Three steps of classification: - Eligible impairment- hypertonia, short stature, vision impairment - Minimum eligibility - sport class? [Paralympic Winter Games] First held in 1976 for spinal cord injury patients from 16 countries IPC classification system determines which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how they are grouped together Three steps of classification: - Eligible Impairment - Minimal disability criteria - Which sport class describes the athlete's activity limitation most accurately? [Eligible Impairment] - Impaired muscle power - Impaired passive range of motion - Limb deficiency - Leg length discrepancy - Short stature Coaching athletes with disabilities Decreased wheelchair mass and adaptations to height, wheel camber and hand rim sizes athletic performance has improved over the years. True differences are caused by differences in: - Functional muscle mass due to paralysis - Amputation - Osteoporosis in paralysed limbs - Severity of physical impairment - Difficulties of comprehension - Difficulties in motivation - Mechanical Inefficiencies related to specific types of impairment. Specialized equipment in the form of: - Arm Ergometer - Wheelchair ergometer - Wheelchair roller - Adapted treadmills - Multipurpose weight machines Disability Coaching Principles: - Be knowledgeable of the nature and degree of disability. - Help athletes set realistic goals and objectives based on your knowledge of them as individuals. - Develop skill progressions (safe and reasonable). - Assist athletes when requested but do not become overbearing and smother them. - Allow athletes to experience risk, success and failure. Do not over protect them. Equipment Specialised equipment is used to enable the disabled. [Types of Adaptive Equipment] Wheelchair- racing, basketball, rugby and tennis Monoski, outrigger ski, sit-ski Prosthetic devices [Rules and Regulations] The rules and regulations are determined by the governing body of the sport or/and sports event in question. The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) WHO established this classification system to document and categorize the function of individuals. Broken into 3 categories: - Body Function and Structure- bodily functions based on anatomy and physiology. - Activity and Participation-activities/skills that can be performed and using those skills to participate in sport - Environment and Context- influence of factors external to the individual [Major Categories of Sporting Equipment] Personal equipment is an extension of their body: - Prosthetic limbs - Wheelchairs - Canes - Memory aids - Symbol boards - Hearing aids [Environmental Technologies] Creating facilities where sports take place Seven principles of universal design: - Equitable use - Flexibility in use - Simple and intuitive use - Perceptible information - Tolerance for error - Low physical effort - Size and space for approach and use Medical Conditions [Congenital Condition and Acquired Condition] Condition or disability acquired at birth e.g, blind deaf, dwarfism, missing limb, down syndrome, cerebral palsy Acquired condition occurs anytime after birth e.g visual impairment, stroke, missing limbs, spinal cord injury [Down Syndrome] - Congenital, chromosomal - Distinctive physical appearance - Lower life expectancy - Special education - Behavioural challenges [Spinal Cord Injury] - Paraplegia- waist down - Quadriplegia- neck down - Car accident, gun shot - Rehab could promote independence [Cerebrovascular Accident] - Damage to brain \*blood supply - Hemiplegia - left or right half of body - Mild to severe - Brain area = impairment - E.g. vision, speech, movement - High blood pressure, smoking, heart disease [Amputation] - Congenital or acquired [Intellectual Impairment] - Congenital or acquired - Mild to severe - Neurological and/or psychiatric - Learning, autism, stroke, dementia, severe mental illness, TBI Children with disabilities Persons with disabilities has a higher chance of developing health related problems along with being more dependent on others Benefits of physical activities for disabled children- just yap [Types of sports for children with disabilities] Any sport could be altered to assist with cardiovascular fitness, strength and flexibility in children [Sports good for disabled kids] - Swimming - Soccer - Football - Boccia Parents should encourage children to participate in sports Child so have a pre participation exam to ensure child could engage in sporting activities Ensure coach knows child disability [Participation Consideration] Know about diagnosis Down syndrome children should avoid collision sports and must be rule out for atlanto axial syndrome Children with asthma should have medication on standby Autistic children may benefit better with individual sports [Adaptation] Adapting space- make area smaller for less movements, make area levelled, make area clear of obstacles Ensure proper lighting for those with visual impairments and hearing Adapting task- no competition is easier for children to at their own pace, dancing and yoga, target games with less mobility is good Adapting equipment- lower nets for sitting athletes Adapting people