Science, Technology, and Society: Philippine History PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY: PHILIPPINE HISTORY OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON At the end of this chapter, students should be able to: ◦ Explain the historical timeline of science and technology in the Philippines; ◦ Analyze the development of science and technology in the Philippines; and ◦ Syn...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY: PHILIPPINE HISTORY OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON At the end of this chapter, students should be able to: ◦ Explain the historical timeline of science and technology in the Philippines; ◦ Analyze the development of science and technology in the Philippines; and ◦ Synthesize and create their own understanding of the different periods of the history of science and technology in the Philippines  HISTORY OF S&T in the PHILIPPINES COLONIAL PERIOD Spanish Colonization American Colonization Japanese Colonization Philippine Independence 1565 1946 1965 PRE- COLONIAL PERIOD POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Early inhabitants of the Contributions of the archipelago had their own Philippine Presidents in culture, tradition, belief the Development of system and indigenous Science and Technology knowledge HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Pre-Colonial Period oUse of plants &herbs as medicine to treat illness oUse of writing, numerical, measurement & calendar system to facilitate trading oFarming, animal-raising, fishing, mining & weaving were their first livelihood. Pre-Spanish Period Caracoa - A large, fast boat used particularly in the southern parts of the Philippine Islands. Banaue Rice Terraces A majestic architectural designs which resulted from the techniques developed by Filipinos livelihood process They incorporated an irrigation system that uses water form mountains and forests  Spanish Colonial Period oEstablishment of formal educations institutions oMandate schools to teach different subjects (religion, math, and 3Rs) o the University of Sto. Tomas, the oldest University in Asia oThe Spaniards made contributions to the field of engineering by constructing government establishments, churches, roads, bridges, and forts. oMedicine and Biology were taught in educational and training institutions oNatives were trained to use innovative approaches in farming AMERICAN COLONIZATION oThe establishment of the Bureau of Government Science – a government agency to nurture the development in the field of S&T o On December 8, 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established oDevelopments in S&T were focused on Agriculture, Medicine and Pharmacy, Food Processing, and Forestry Japanese Colonization oPriority of opening elementary schools oRe-opening of vocational and normal schools in Agriculture, Medicine, Fisheries and Engineering oFilipinos are engaged in the sale of food and medicine for aiding the soldiers oGovernment corporations were reorganized to develop the natural resources in the Philippines.  Marcos Era (1965-1986) Science and technology played a role during this period in several ways: 1. Infrastracture Development San Juanico Bridge Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Complex CCP main theater, Folk Arts Theater, Phil. International Convention Center (PICC) Heart Center of the Philippines Imelda Marcos' "edifice complex"  Marcos Era (1965-1986) Science and technology played a role during this period in several ways: 2. Agricultural Modernization Masagana 99 Maharlika Livelihood Complex Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) Green Revolution  Marcos Era (1965-1986) Science and technology played a role during this period in several ways: 3. Nuclear Power Program located in Morong, Bataan, began in the late 1970s. It was designed to be the first nuclear power plant in Southeast Asia, with a capacity of 620 megawatts The project received financial and technical assistance from foreign countries, including the United States and West Germany The BNPP project became controversial due to safety concerns, cost overruns, and allegations of corruption. In 1986, following the People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos from power, President Corazon Aquino decided not to operate the plant due to safety and financial concerns.  Marcos Era (1965-1986) Science and technology played a role during this period in several ways: 4. Military Modernization Acquisition of Modern Equipment Military Infrastructure Development Military Assistance from Foreign Allies Counterinsurgency Operations Declaration of Martial Law Integration of Civilian Agencies with Military Functions  Marcos Era (1965-1986) Science and technology played a role during this period in several ways: 5. Technology Transfer and Industrialization Institutes and Centers a. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research (PCAARRD) b. Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD)  Marcos Era 6. Educational and Research Institutions The role of Science and Technology in National Development was emphasized He mandated the DECS now DepEd, to promote science courses in public high schools He proclaimed the 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig s the Philippine Science Community, now the site of DOST He assigned the Philippine Coconut Research Institute (PHILCORN) to promote the modernization of the coconut industry  Marcos Era Several organizations and agencies were established like PAGASA, NFA and NAST He established National Academy of Science and Technology in 1976, to be the reservoir of scientific and technological expertise in the country Establishment of campuses in 1986, Philippine Science High School in Mindanao and Visayas  Fifth Republic In 1986, President Corazon Aquino replaced the National Science and Technology Authority with the Department of Science and Technology. This was done in order for the science and technology sector to be presented in the cabinet ad thus play an integral role in the country’s sustainable economic recovery and growth  Fifth Republic The NSTA was reorganized into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and assigned a cabinet level that includes the following: The Philippine Atmospheric and Geophysical and Astronomical Services (PAGASA) Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) Philippine Science High School System (PSHS) Science and Technology Information Institute (STII) Science Education Institute (SEI)  Fifth Republic In July 1922, President Fidel Ramos ◦ 5th republic government provided 3500 scholarships ◦ RA Act. No. 8439 in 1997 entitled “Magna Carta for Science and Technology” ◦ “Doctors to the Barrio” Program made healthcare accessible even in a far-flung area ◦ “National Program for Gifted Filipino Children for Science and Technology” was created for HS students who wanted to major in Science and Engineering in College ◦ Laws and statutes that are related to the S&T sector were mandated such as: ◦ RA 7687 - S&T Scholarship Act of 1994 ◦ RA 7459- Inventor and Inventions Innovative Act ◦ RA 8239 – The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines  Fifth Republic RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 RA 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 were both signed and mandated during his term He was also responsible for implementing cost- effective irrigation technologies and providing basic health care service for those who could not afford  During the term of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo when science and technology reached its golden age. R. A 9367 or the “biofuels” actively promotes the development and usage of biofuels throughout the country. RA 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanizations (AFMech) Law was able to pass to demised agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment  Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III oDuring his term, he named new National Scientists: o Gavino C. Trono – Marine Biology o Angel C. Alcala – Biological Science o Ramon C. Barba – Horticulture o Edagardo D. Gomez – Marine Biology oProject Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH) was established in 2012 by the DOST, a more integrated and responsive system to deal with disasters oIniated K-12 Curriculum oPHIVOLCS has also come up with Valley Fault System Atlas (VFSA), a comprehensive collection of detailed large-scale maps that can help people if their houses are near the VFS oAt present, the S&T sector is seen to be a priority in the budget for Research & Development (R&D) which grew by nearly 6 times over the same period (From 5 billion in 210 to 20.8 billion in 2017) oFormulation of programs & policies that will aid in shaping the country oThe focus of DOST is to put the results of R&D into commercialization in order to gain new intellectual properties o“Philippine Space Technology Program” which launched Diwata-2 in 2018 after the launch of Diwata-1 in 2016 that displayed the Philippine flag in space oGives importance to agriculture and disaster preparedness 2oth Century Inventions by Filipino Scientists Medical Incubator oInvented by Fe Del Mundo oFirst Asian to have entered Harvard University Videophone oInvented by Gregorio Zara oTwo-way television telephone (videophone) in 1995 oMr. Rolando Dela Cruz is credited for the invention of the mole remover which is made from cashew nuts extracts o. Thank You!!!