Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines PDF

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES EARL STEPHEN MANALO, LPT Lecturer, GE 7 – Science, Technology and Society Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the of the discussion, the students should be able to: Explain how early Filipinos a...

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES EARL STEPHEN MANALO, LPT Lecturer, GE 7 – Science, Technology and Society Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the of the discussion, the students should be able to: Explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; Present government policies on science and technology, and explain their importance to the nation; and Discuss the role of science and technology on nation building. LET US PONDER! How would you describe Science and Technology in Japan? SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRESENT The state of science and technology determines the socio- economic progress of the country. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES S & T in the PH first started during the Pre- Spanish Period. Traces were found in some archeological findings and traced of how Filipinos live. ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY The ”Yawning” Jarlet of In a world flooded with marketing Leta Leta Cave noise, Thynk Unlimited stands out as a beacon of creativity and effectiveness. Discovered in Palawan. The earliest pot recovered in the country. It has a distinct rim that resembles a shouting or yawning person. Rufus Stewart ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY The Callao Man In a world flooded with marketing noise, Thynk Unlimited stands out as a beacon of creativity and effectiveness. A foot bone discovered in Palawan. The earliest human fossil found in the Asia Pacific Region. Approximately 67,000 years old predating to ”Tabon Man” Rufus Stewart ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Laguna Copperplate Inscription The earliest historical document In a world flooded with marketing noise, Thynk Unlimited stands out as a in the country and also the only beacon of creativity and effectiveness. pre-Spanish document discovered so far. The LCI was written in Kavi (old Javanese Writing System) and the language used was combination of old Tagalog, old Rufus Stewart Javanese, old Malay & Sanskrit. ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Manunggul Jar In a world flooded with marketing noise, Thynk Unlimited stands out as a It is a burial jar used to store beacon of creativity and effectiveness. bones of someone who was previously buried. Discovered in Palawan. The lid features a ”Spirit boat” carrying two souls to journey after life. Rufus Stewart ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Butuan “Mother Boat” In a world flooded with marketing It is believed as the biggest noise, Thynk Unlimited stands out as a beacon of creativity and effectiveness. balangay (plank boat) in the Philippine history. It is century older than the European ships that landed. It is believed to be the main “safekeeping” boat where trade Rufus Stewart goods and supplied were stored. ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY 700,000-year-old Rhino Hunting Tools In a world flooded with marketing noise, Thynk Unlimited stands out as a beacon of creativity and effectiveness. Discovered in Kalinga province together with Rhinoceros fossils with 57 stone tools. The first likely culprit is the Homo Erectus, the 1st modern human believed to have ventured out Rufus Stewart from Africa. PRE – SPANISH PERIOD THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Early Filipinos made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes. Drew Feig Later developed new skills like sawing and polishing tools. Rufus Stewart THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD In 3,000 BC, they learned to produce Drew Feig ornaments of seashells and pottery. Rufus Stewart THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD During the iron age, they have learned to use metals as their tools. Drew Feig They are also engaged in mining (copper, gold, bronze, and iron) Rufus Stewart THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Filipinos have engaged themselves into weaving. Drew Feig They have engaged themselves in ship building, (for coastal trade), and warships called “Caracoa”. Rufus Stewart  THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Farming was also rampant in the Philippines Drew Feig that led in creating the finest product of engineering, Banaue Rice Terraces. Rufus Stewart  THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Early Filipinos are also aware of the Drew Feig medicinal properties of plants an extracting medicine from herbs. Rufus Stewart  THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD They also have alphabets, counting Drew Feig methods, weights and measurement system and calendar based on the period of the moon. Rufus Stewart SPANISH PERIOD LET US PONDER! How would you describe Science and Technology in Japan? SPANISH PERIOD During this period, there is a massive growth of science and technology since they have introduced formal education and founded scientific institutions in the Philippines. SPANISH PERIOD Colegie de Sta. Isabel Parish schools were established for religion, reading, writing, and arithmetic. Santa Isabel College Manila was founded on 24 October 1632 is one of the oldest colleges in the Philippines and in Asia. SPANISH PERIOD An advanced method of agriculture was taught to the Filipino natives. July 2, 1889, the Manila school of Agriculture was established. SPANISH PERIOD Spaniards made contribution in the field of engineering by constructing colleges and universities around the country including the oldest university in the Asia, the Pontifical and Royal University of SantoTomas (UST). SPANISH PERIOD They also constructed government establishments, churches, roads, bridges and fort. SPANISH PERIOD The galleon trade had accounted in the Philippine colonial economy. Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard authorities due to the prospect of big profit. SPANISH PERIOD The opening of Suez Canal. Allows the Filipino to study in Europe who were probably influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals abroad by the age of enlightenment. AMERICAN PERIOD AMERICAN PERIOD The volunteer American soldiers became the first teachers of the Filipinos. Thomasites were a group of 600 American teachers who traveled from the United States to the newly occupied territory of the Philippines on the US Army Transport Thomas. AMERICAN PERIOD On July 1901, the Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories which served a purpose to study the tropical disease and laboratory projects in the country. AMERICAN PERIOD It was later replaced by the Bureau of Science in 1905 that became primary research center of the country. AMERICAN PERIOD During this period, science was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and pharmacy. AMERICAN PERIOD On December 8, 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established. It unites the country's brightest minds for the promotion of research work along scientific line. AMERICAN PERIOD In 1946, the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science. AMERICAN PERIOD US economy survey have shown that the Philippines has many problems regarding Science & Technology, such as lack of basic information, no support, minimal budget, and low compensation. AMERICAN PERIOD Thus, during the regimen of Carlos P. Garcia in 1958, the Philippine Congress pass the bill entitled, “The Science Act of 1958.” which goals is to establish the National Science and Development Board. MARCOS PERIOD  MARCOS PERIOD It was only during Marcos's presidency where Science was given importance. Drew Feig In one of his SONA, Marcos declared that there is a need for our science in public high school. Rufus Stewart  MARCOS PERIOD With the help of Department of Education (DepEd) and National Science Development Board Drew Feig (NSDB), science teaching equipment's was provided on public schools. Rufus Stewart  MARCOS PERIOD In 1969, Marcos allotted a large amount of war damage funds to private universities to encourage them to courses that focus on Science Drew Feig and Technology as well as research. In 1970, he emphasized that need to upgrade science curriculum and teaching Rufus Stewart equipment's.  MARCOS PERIOD He declared Presidential Decree 48 series of 1972 created the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development Drew Feig (PCARRD) as support for promoting scientific research and innovation. Executive Order No. 128 (January 30, 1987) reorganized PCCARD as an attached agency of Rufus Stewart the Department of Science and Technology.  MARCOS PERIOD One of the greatest contribution of is the establishment of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Drew Feig Services Administration (PAGASA) which function is to give environmental protection and utilize scientific knowledge to ensure the safety of the country. Rufus Stewart  MARCOS PERIOD He established the National Academy of Science and Drew Feig Technology in 1976 to have a scientist who’s expert in science and technology. Rufus Stewart  MARCOS PERIOD In 1986, he also established campuses of Philippine Science High School in the Visayas and Mindanao Drew Feig to encourage the youth in these areas to choose career in science and technology. Rufus Stewart FIFTH REPUBLIC THE FIFTH REPUBLIC In 1986, President Corazon Aquino’s term, the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) was replace by Department of Science and Technology giving Science and Technology a seat in the cabinet. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC Under the medium term plan of the Philippine for the years 1987 – 1992, Science and Technology’s role in economic recovery and economic growth was highlighted. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC In 1989 – 1992, the budget allocation for science and technology increased. The goal was to achieve the status of being an industrialized country by the year 2020. (Science and Technology Master plan) THE FIFTH REPUBLIC In 1992, there were noticeable improvements regarding S & T. Ramos administration’s SONA, said that there will be a significant increase of personnel specializing S & T. In 1998, the Philippine was estimated to have 3000 competent scientists and engineers. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC The government provided 3,500 scholarships who are interested in taking up courses related to science and technology. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC School become modernized and updated by having an additional high-tech equipment for students and teachers' improvement. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC The government approved the RA No. 8439 of 1997, the Magna Carte for Science and Technology. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC In 1999 during the President Joseph Estrada term, the internet age was pushed for the advancement of school and industry. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC President Benigno S. Aquino III contributed immensely to the field of Science and Technology. Republic Act 10692, “An Act Providing For The Modernization Of The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) THE FIFTH REPUBLIC During his administration, the Philippines developed 2 microsatellites namely DIWATA 1 and DIWATA 2 under STAMINA4SPACE Program. Inauguration of DOST – Industrial Materials Technology Development Institute’s (ITDI) and Advance Device and Materials Testing Laboratory (ADMATEL) THE FIFTH REPUBLIC Creation of Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazard) for a more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster prevention and mitigation system especially high risk. Creation of Department of Information and Communications Technology. THE FIFTH REPUBLIC President Rodrigo Duterte contributed in Science and Technology: RA 11363 or the Philippine Space Act. The act governs the country’s space development and utilization policy ACTIVITY #3: Create a timeline showing the improvement of science and technology in the Philippines from different periods. Submit your activity on the MS Teams.