Week 4-6.pdf

DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI Week 4 - Brief Historical Background of Science and technology in the Philippi...

DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI Week 4 - Brief Historical Background of Science and technology in the Philippines STONE AGE Around 50,000 years These modern men lived ago the modern men in Palawan and (homo sapiens) first Batangas. came over-land across narrow channels. They also formed It took 10,000 settlements in years before they the major have discovered Philippine how to made simple islands. tools or weapons. By about 3,000 It became well B.C., they were developed and producing adzes flourished for ornaments of about 2,000 years seashells and and it came into pottery of various competition with designs. imported Chinese porcelain. IRON AGE The early Filipinos learned to make metal tools and implements—copper, gold, bronze and later iron. Considered to have lasted from the second or third century B.C. to the tenth century A.D. William Henry Scott in Pre hispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History (Rev. ed.; Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1984), points out questionable documents which have been the basis for information about this period and which were popularized in Philippines History textbooks, that Filipinos during this period engaged in the actual extraction of iron from ore, smelting and refining. But it appears that the iron industry, like the manufacture of pottery, did not survive the competition with imported cast iron from Sarawak and much later, from China. They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI They also learned to build boats for trading purposes. Spanish chronicles noted refined plank-built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids. 10TH CENTURY A.D. Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines. These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D. TRADING The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin. PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Filipinos were already engaged in activities and practices related to science forming primitive or first wave technology. They were curative values of some plant on how to extract medicine from herbs. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting and weights and measure. They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to another.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD 16th Century: (1) Development of schools Colegio de San Colegio de Colegio De Colegio De Ildefonso-Cebu- San Ignacio- Nuestra Senora San Jose- 1595 del Rosario- Manila-1595 Manila-1601 Manila-1597 (2) Development of Hospitals San Juan Lazaro Hospital the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578. 17th and 18th Century Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco y Vargas in 1780 encouraged research in agriculture and industry. The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk industry. In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of increase in export of rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo, and imports of manufacturing goods. The 19th Century In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system. In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates. The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master degree was granted Bachelor’s degree in pharmacy to its 1st six graduates who included Leon Ma. Guerrero considered was the father of Philippine Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. There were no school for engineering but they offered nautical four-year course for pilot of merchant marine that includes the subject: Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Physics, Hydrography, Meteorology, Navigation, and Pilotage.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus only few daring students were able to undertake higher studies. The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of the 19th century led to the rapid development of Manila as cosmopolitan center. Modern amenities such as steam tramways, waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking system were introduce in 19th century. Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD Americans established he public education system. Improved he engineering works and he health conditions of the people. Americans established a modern research university (University of the Philippines) the mineral resources of the country were also explored and exploited. Transportation and communication systems were improved. Science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation until I became a subject formally known as “science”. He teaching of science in higher education has greatly improved and modernized. Researchers were done to control malaria, cholera, and Week 5tuberculosis and other tropical disease. Topic: Government policies/Laws/A.O. on Science and Technology 1. Philippine Science and Technology Plan (2017-2022): This plan outlines the government's strategy for the development and promotion of science and technology in the Philippines. It focuses on various areas, including research and development, technology transfer, innovation, and capacity building. 2. Science for Change Program: This program aims to enhance the country's capacity for science, technology, and innovation. It includes initiatives to support research and development,  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI promote science and technology education, and foster collaboration between the government, academe, and industry. 3. Republic Act No. 10644 (2014): This law established the "Go Negosyo Act," which promotes job generation and inclusive growth through the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), with a focus on science and technology- based businesses. 4. Republic Act No. 8435 (1997): Also known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA), this law promotes the use of science and technology in agriculture and fisheries to enhance productivity and competitiveness. 5. Republic Act No. 10055 (2013): This law established the Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009, which aims to accelerate the transfer and commercialization of research and development results from government-funded institutions to the industry. 6. Balik Scientist Program: This program encourages Filipino scientists and technologists abroad to return to the Philippines temporarily to share their expertise and contribute to the country's scientific and technological development. It provides incentives and support to returning scientists. 7. Department of Science and Technology (DOST): The DOST is the primary government agency responsible for the implementation of science and technology-related programs and initiatives in the Philippines. It plays a central role in shaping policies and promoting research and innovation. 8. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP): The NRCP is a subsidiary agency of the DOST responsible for promoting and supporting scientific research and scholarship in various fields.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI 9. Administrative Orders (A.O.): Various administrative orders and memoranda may be issued by government agencies, including the DOST, to implement specific programs and policies related to science and technology. These orders are subject to change over time. Week 6 - Famous Filipinos in the Field of Science The following are famous Filipino scientists who have great contribution in the field of science: For his outstanding He works on observing research on tissue the characteristics of culture in Philippines Antarctica by using mangoes. satellite images. RAMON C. BARBA JOSEFINO C. COMISO He is known internationally in the field of electrical Notable for her engineering. He was elected as research on sea officer of the famous Institute snail venom. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. JOSE B. CRUZ JR. LOURDES J. CRUZ For his research For his research on tilapia culture. on herbal medicine. RAFAEL D. GUERRERO III FABIAN M. DAYRIT For inventing the For doing meconium drugs research on plant testing. biotechnology. ENRIQUE M. OSTREA JR. LILIAN F. PATENA  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI For being an For his research in outstanding the field of Educator and communication graph theorist. technology. MARI-JO P. RUIZ GREGORY L. TANGONAN He conducted the world’s first An internationally national-scale assessment of renowned damage to coral reefs. He is physicist. the pioneering study on ocean acidification and its causes. CAESAR A. SALOMA EDGARDO GOMEZ Chemistry and president He is behind the of National Academy of invention of artificial Science and Technology coral reefs used for (NAST)-Philippines fisheries in Southeast Asia. ANGEL ALCALA WILLIAM PADOLINA Claiming the right for the invention of the Sing-Along-System (SAS) that eventually led to the development of Karaoke, a Japanese term for "singing without accompaniment". Among del Rosario's other inventions were the Trebel Voice Color Code (VCC), the piano tuner's guide, the piano keyboard stressing device, the voice color tape, and the one-man-band (OMB). The OMB was later developed as the Sing-Along-System (SAS). ROBERTO DEL ROSARIO The first Asian to have entered He invented the the prestigious Harvard videophone and University's School of Medicine, developed the Zara is also credited for her studies Effect or Electrical that led to the invention of Kinetic Resistance. incubator and jaundice relieving device. FE DEL MUNDO GREGORIO ZARA He has been claiming that his car can run with water as fuel. He built a car reactor that uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to split the ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen components. The hydrogen can then be used to power the car engine.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI DANIEL DINGEL He considers as the inventor of the Lunar Rover, or more popularly known as the Moon Buggy. The Moon Buggy was the car used by Neil Armstrong and other astronauts when they first explored the moon in 1969. EDUARDO SAN JUAN Many Filipinos acknowledge him as the inventor of the fluorescent lamp, which is the most widely used source of lighting in the world today. The fluorescent lamp reportedly got its name from Flores. AGAPITO FLORES He discovered erythromycin in 1949. Reports said Aguilar discovered the antibiotic from the Aspergillus species of fungi in 1949 and sent samples to Indiana-based pharmaceutical firm Eli Lilly Co. DR. ABELARDO AGUILAR He introduced the first single-chip graphical user interface accelerator that made computers work a lot faster and for helping develop the Ethernet controller chip that made Internet possible. DIOSDADO BANATAO He won a World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) gold medal in 1995 for developing a modular housing system. Such a system called Vazbuilt is reportedly capable of building within weeks a house with prefabricated materials that can withstand typhoons and earthquakes. EDGARDO VARQUEZ In 2000, he developed an ingenuous formula that could easily remove deeply grown moles or warts from the skin without leaving marks or hurting the patient. His formula was extracted from cashew nut (Annacardium occidentale), which is common in the Philippines. ROLANDO DELA CRUZ He won a gold medal for his invention "Psidium Guajava Effervescing Gynecological Insert", a silver medal for his "Patient Side-Turning Hospital Bed", and three bronze medals for his inventions "external vaginal cleanser", "light refracting ear pick", and "broom's way of hanging" at the Seoul International Fair in held South Korea in December 2002. DR. VIRGILIO MALANG  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE, INC. Juan dela Cruz Street, Toril, Davao City Landline No. (082) 291 1882 Accredited by ACSCU-ACI