SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-AND-NATION-BUILDING.pptx

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-BUILDING LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1. Explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2. Present government policies on science and technology and explain the...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION-BUILDING LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1. Explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2. Present government policies on science and technology and explain their importance on nation; and 3. Discuss the role of science and technology in nation-building. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Looking back at the past…  Pre-colonial Culture -indigenous spiritual traditions -animistic practices  Pre-colonial clothing -Barong Tagalog -Moorish style rob -wore gold jewelry PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Looking back at the past…  PRE-COLONIAL WRITING SYSTEMS -Alibata -The first Visayan, Tagalog, Ilocano and some ethnic groups have their own dialect and form of writing too. -Kirim of Maranao -Baybayin (method of handwriting) PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Looking back at the past… PRE-COLONIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT Usually, several barangays settled near each other to help one another in case of war or any emergency. -Datu -Umalohokan PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Looking back at the past… SOCIAL CLASSES -Semi-communal and semi-slave social system -Aeta -Rajah or datu SOCIAL STRUCTURE -Maharlika, Timawa, Aliping Sagigilid, Aliping Namamahay PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 1. Agriculture: Pre-colonial Filipinos were skilled farmers who practiced various agricultural techniques. They cultivated crops such as rice, corn, sugarcane, and root crops like sweet potatoes and yams. They also used swidden or slash-and-burn farming methods to clear land for cultivation. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 2. Irrigation Systems: Indigenous communities constructed complex irrigation systems to efficiently manage water resources for farming. Notable examples include the rice terraces in the northern part of the Philippines, such as the Banaue Rice Terraces, which are still in use today. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 3. Navigation: Filipinos were excellent seafarers and traders. They developed outrigger canoes called "balangay" and used celestial navigation techniques, like the stars and the winds, to navigate the archipelago and engage in trade with neighboring cultures in Southeast Asia. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 4. Herbal Medicine: Traditional healing practices and herbal medicine were prevalent in pre-colonial Philippines. Indigenous people had knowledge of various medicinal plants and herbs, using them to treat ailments and injuries. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 5. Metallurgy: Pre-colonial Filipinos were skilled metalworkers, producing various metal objects like jewelry, weapons, and tools from gold, copper, and iron. They used indigenous smelting techniques to extract metals from ores. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 6. Weaving: Indigenous communities engaged in intricate weaving practices using natural fibers like abaca (banana plant), piña (pineapple leaf), and cotton. These textiles were used for clothing, accessories, and as trade items. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  Scientificand technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-colonial period. 7. Pottery: Pre-colonial Filipinos were skilled potters, creating pottery for cooking, storage, and trade. They used various clay types and distinctive designs based on their cultural traditions.  COLONIAL PERIOD SPANISH COLONIZATION 1. Provided the Philippines with modern means of construction.  Wall,bridges, roads, and other large infrastructures were built using some of the engineering skills and tools brought by the Spaniards. This introduced new architectural and engineering techniques to the Philippines, influencing local construction practices.  COLONIAL PERIOD SPANISH COLONIZATION 2. Astronomy: The Spanish introduced Western astronomy to the Philippines, the use of astrolabes, and the calendar system. This knowledge was important for navigation, agriculture, and timekeeping.  COLONIAL PERIOD SPANISH COLONIZATION 3. Education and Printing: The Spanish established schools and printing presses, which helped in the dissemination of knowledge. These institutions played a role in the preservation and spread of both religious and secular texts.  COLONIAL PERIOD SPANISH COLONIZATION 4. Medicine and Healthcare: Spanish colonial hospitals and healthcare facilities introduced new medical practices and treatments to the Philippines. While many of these practices were rooted in European knowledge, they influenced the development of healthcare in the archipelago.  COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized all aspects of life in the Philippines -established a government agency, the Bureau of Science for the sole purpose of nurturing the development in the field of science and technology.  COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized all aspects of life in the Philippines: 1. Education and Institutions: The American colonial government established a modern education system in the Philippines, including the establishment of the University of the Philippines in 1908. This institution played a crucial role in promoting science and technology education.  COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized all aspects of life in the Philippines: 2. Infrastructure Development: The Americans improved the country's infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and ports. This enhanced transportation and communication networks, facilitating the exchange of scientific and technological knowledge.  COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized all aspects of life in the Philippines: 3. Healthcare: The Americans introduced modern healthcare practices, leading to improvements in public health including efforts to combat diseases such as malaria and smallpox. As well as the establishment of hospitals and the training of Filipino healthcare professionals in modern medical techniques and practices.  COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized all aspects of life in the Philippines: 4. Telecommunications: The American period saw advancements in telecommunications, with the installation of telegraph lines and the improvement of postal services, which facilitated the flow of information and scientific knowledge. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD  After achieving independence from the colonizers, the Philippines, under the different administrations, continued to pursue programs in science and technology. UNDER FERDINAND MARCOS PRESIDENCY: 1. Establishment of Research Institutions: Marcos created various research institutions and agencies aimed at promoting scientific research and technological development. Notably, he established the National Science Development Board (now the Department of Science and Technology or DOST) in 1982. This agency was tasked with advancing scientific research and technology transfer in the Philippines. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Former President and Dictator Ferdinand Marcos 2. Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services and Administration (PAG- ASA) in replaced of Weather Bureau 3. Nuclear Energy Program: During Marcos' presidency, the Philippines embarked on a nuclear energy program with the construction of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP). The plant was intended to address the country's growing energy needs. However, the BNPP became controversial due to safety concerns and corruption allegations, and it was never fully operational. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD 4. Biotechnology Research: The Marcos administration promoted biotechnology research and applications in agriculture, focusing on developing improved crop varieties and sustainable farming practices. 5. Education: Marcos' government also placed an emphasis on education, which included support for science and technology education. Scholarships and programs were introduced to encourage Filipino students to pursue scientific and technological fields. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD 6. Medical Services: The Marcos government invested in healthcare infrastructure, including the construction of medical facilities and hospitals. This contributed to the improvement of healthcare services and the training of healthcare professionals. For example:  the Philippine Heart Center,  Lung Center of the Philippines  National Kidney and Transplant Institute.