SAD Unit 1 - Lesson 1.pptx

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND 1 DESIGN Prepared by : Mr. Jayson A. Batoon Systems Analysis Concepts and Definitions 2 Objectives At the end of the lesson, students shall be able to: Define the meaning of information system. Figure out the participation of a system analyst...

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND 1 DESIGN Prepared by : Mr. Jayson A. Batoon Systems Analysis Concepts and Definitions 2 Objectives At the end of the lesson, students shall be able to: Define the meaning of information system. Figure out the participation of a system analyst in all the systems. Determine the system components task in accordance with the required output. Identify the following: TPS, MIS, DSS and 3 INFORMATION SYSTEM An information system is a collection of interconnected components that collect, process, store, and deliver the information needed to complete business tasks as production 4 INFORMATION SYSTEM The information system also involves people who are running the program and doing some of the research. 5 INFORMATION SYSTEM A computer application is a system of computer software that executes a particular function or set of similar functions on a computing device. Sometimes, computer application is shortened to app. 6 The Most Common Types of Information System in an Organization Information systems are built for various purposes, according to the needs of human users and business. Transaction processing systems (TPS) operate at the level of operation of the organization; assistance of office automation systems (OAS) and knowledge work systems (KWS) act on level 7 The Most Common Types of Information System in an Organization Higher-level systems include management information systems (MIS) and decision support systems (DSS). Expert tools apply decision making skills - requires precise, systematic problem solving. 8 The Most Common Types of Information System in an Organization On the strategic management stage we consider executive support systems (ESS).Group decision support systems (GDSS) and computer-supported collaborative work systems (CSCWS) more commonly defined aid community-level decision-making on a semi- structured or unstructured variety. 9 The Most Common Types of Information System in an Organization On the strategic management stage we consider executive support systems (ESS).Group decision support systems (GDSS) and computer-supported collaborative work systems (CSCWS) more commonly defined aid community-level decision-making on a semi- structured or unstructured variety. 10 The scope of information systems that analysts may build is indicated in Figure 1.1. Note that the figure displays these structures from the bottom up, suggesting that the organization's organizational or lowest level is supported by TPS, and the top-level strategic or highest level of semi-structured and unstructured decisions is supported by ESS, GDSS and CSCWS. This text uses the terms management information systems, information systems (IS), computerized information systems, and computerized business information systems interchangeably to denote computerized information systems that support the broadest range of user interactions with technologies and business activities through the information they produce in organizational context (Kendall & Kendall, 2011). 11 A system analyst may participate in any or all of the system 12 A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 13 Using the four level pyramid model above, let us compare how the information systems differ from each other. 14 Transaction Processing Systems Transaction processing systems (TPS) are computerized information systems designed to process vast volumes of data for daily business transactions such as payroll and inventory transactions. 15 Transaction Processing Systems Transaction Processing System (TPS) are operational-level systems at the bottom of the pyramid. Usually, they are run directly by shop floor employees or front line personnel, who provide the main data required to help operations management. Typically this data is collected by the automated or semi-automated monitoring of low-level operations and simple transactions. Transaction management systems are tools that cross boundaries allowing the company to interact with external environments. 16 Functions of a TPS Surely, TPS is nothing more than basic data-processing systems. Function of a TPS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs Validation Sorting Lists Transactions Listing Detail reports Events Merging Action reports Updating Summary reports Calculation Function of a TPS Source: Information Sheet for Flow Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02, 2020, from https://pdfslide.net/documents/information-sheet-for-flow-chart.html 17  Examples Roles Paid services Produce data for Orders other systems management Border controls production (internal and Booking external) applications Operational workers Control systems on + supervisory levels stock used Payment and Fund Performance transfers systems tailored to 18 Management Information System Management information systems (MIS) do not replace transaction processing systems; rather, all MIS include transaction processing (Kendall & Kendall, 2011). MIS are computerized information systems that work because people and computers interact purposefully. Management information systems support users in achieving a wider spectrum of organizational tasks than transaction processing systems, including decision analysis and decision-making, by requiring people, software , and hardware to work together. 19 Functions of a MIS The MIS is based on the TPS data. Function of a MIS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs Internal Sorting Detailed reports Transaction Merging Action reports Internal Files Summarizing Summary reports Structured Data Function of a MIS Source:Information Sheet for Flow Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02, 2020, from https://pdfslide.net/documents/information-sheet-for-flow-chart.html 20  Examples Roles Based on internal information Sales management flows systems Support relatively structured Inventory control decisions systems Inflexible and have little analytical Budgeting systems capacity Management Reporting Used by lower and middle Systems (MRS) managerial levels Personnel (HRM) Talks about the past and present systems and not the future 21 Efficiency oriented Decision Support Systems Decision Support Systems ( DSS) are a higher level class of computerized information systems. DSS is similar to the traditional information management system, since both depend on a database as Data Source. Decision support system departs from the traditional management information system because it emphasizes decision-making support in all its phases, even if the actual decision is still the sole decision- making. 22 Functions of a DSS DSS manipulates and builds upon the MIS and/or TPS knowledge to create ideas and new knowledge. Function of a DSS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs Modeling Internal Transaction Summary reports Simulation Internal Files Forecasts Analysis External Information Graphs / Plots Summarizing Function of a DSS Source:Information Sheet for Flow Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02, 2020, from https://pdfslide.net/documents/information-sheet-for-flow-chart.html 23  Examples Roles Support ill- structured or semi- Group Decision structured decisions Support Systems (GDSS) Have analytical and/or modeling Computer Supported capacity Cooperative work Used by more senior managerial (CSCW) levels Logistics systems Are concerned with predicting the Financial Planning future systems Are effectiveness oriented Spreadsheet Models 24 Executive Support Systems Executive Support Systems are strategic-level information systems that are found at the top of the Pyramid. Help managers organize their interactions with the outside environment through the provision of graphics and communications technology in accessible locations such as boardrooms or personal corporate offices. Knowledge is often weakly organized in these structures, and comes from both internal and external sources. 25 Executive Support Systems The Executive Information System is designed to be managed directly by managers without requiring intermediaries and easily customized to the individual's needs using them. While ESS relies on the information generated by TPS and MIS, executive support systems help their users address unstructured, non-application-specific decision-making problems by creating an environment that helps them think about strategic problems in an informed way. 26 Functions of a DSS To help and expand the innate capacities of senior management, ESS organizes and integrates data and information from all external data sources as well as internal MIS or TPS Function of a ESS in terms of data processing requirements Inputs Processing Outputs External Data Summarizing Summary reports Internal Files Simulation Forecasts Pre-defined models “Drilling Down” Graphs / Plots Function of a ESS Source:Information Sheet for Flow Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02, 2020, from https://pdfslide.net/documents/information-sheet-for-flow-chart.html 27  Examples Roles Are concerned with ease of use Executive Information Systems are mostly very Are concerned with predicting the individualized and future frequently designed to a Are effectiveness oriented specific group of Are highly flexible customers; however, there are a range of off- Support unstructured decisions the-shelf ESS products Use internal and external data and many enterprise- sources level systems offer a Used only at the most senior customized ESS module. management levels 28 Answer Make a small research about two information system that offers same services. Differentiate their functionalities and identify some feature to be added for its improvements. Kindly prepare a maximum of 5 minutes presentation of your research next week 29