SAD-midterm-exam-reviewer. (1).pptx

IS104 - SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROF. JOHANNA E. AVE, MSCS Instructor INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - Refers to the process of examining the system and creation of solution. SYSTEM - a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a...

IS104 - SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROF. JOHANNA E. AVE, MSCS Instructor INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - Refers to the process of examining the system and creation of solution. SYSTEM - a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole. COMMON TYPES OF SYSTEMS a. Natural System - system that are not made by people they exist in nature. Ex. Stellar System - galaxies, solar system Geological System - river, mountains, trees and rocks Digestive system, Respiratory System b. Man-made system - made by man Example Social System - laws, doctrines, customs and culture Transportation System - network of highways, canals and airlines Communication System - telephone, telex, cellphone, fax machine Financial System - accounting, inventory, general ledger c. Manual System - a bookkeeping system where records are maintained by hand, without using a computer system. Example: Address Book, File Boxes, Filing Cabinets, Diary, Yellow Pages, Telephone Directory, Birthday Book, Guest Lists, Portfolios d. Automated System - are man made systems that interact with or are controlled by one or more computers COMMON COMPONENTS 1. Computer Hardware 2. Computer Software 3. People or User 4. Data CATEGORIES OF AUTOMATED SYSTEM 1. BATCH SYSTEM - The information is usually retrieve on sequential basis. Example. Processes of telephone bills to a number of customers and then sends them out all out once. 2. Real-Time System - is a computer operating system used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial system Example Traffic monitoring System Monitoring Remittance Center 3. Multi-Tasking System - Capable of executing multiple process of task Example : Run several application at the same time. 4. Decision Support System - These computer system helps the user to decide or make decision about various aspect of the organization. Example: Clinical Decision Support System.  5. Knowledge-base System To produce programs that imitate human performance 6. Information system (IS) - is an arrangement of people, data, processes, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization. 7. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) These systems have been designed to collect, process and store transactions that occur in the day- to-day operations of a company. The system can also be used to cancel or modify transactions done in the past if the need arises. One property of this system that enables them to work effectively is the ability to accurately record multiple transactions even if the different transactions take place simultaneously. They are built to be able to handle large volumes of transactions. Examples include stock control systems, payroll systems, order processing systems etc. Office Automation Systems Office automation systems (OAS) support data workers, who do not usually create new knowledge but rather analyze information to transform data or manipulate it in some way before sharing it with, or formally disseminating it throughout, the organization and, sometimes, beyond. Familiar aspects of OAS include word processing, spreadsheets, desktop publishing, electronic scheduling, and communication through voice mail, email (electronic mail), and teleconferencing Management Information Systems Management information systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures used by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Knowledge works Systems- These systems support the creation of new knowledge and its integration into an organization. The system runs on workstations customized to knowledge workers' unique operations. Management Information Systems - is the study of people, technology, organizations, and the relationships among them. Marketing Research System- It can be seen as the systematic and objective search for and analysis of data and information relevant to the identification and solution of any problem in the field of marketing. Executive Support Systems - It is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. Marketing Intelligence System - It is the process of acquiring and analyzing information in order to understand the market. Executive Support Systems - It is an extension of MIS, and is a computer-based information system that helps in decision-making at the top level of an organization. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems- It can be considered the overarching field for expert systems Enterprise Systems- It is designed to perform integration and requires enormous commitment and organizational change Business Process AutomatioN - It uses computer technology to automate some portions Business Process Reengineering- It’s focus is on the to-be system—little time spent on the current system.  Questionnaires - It is a set of written questions for obtaining information from individuals. Probing questions- It is a follow up on what has just been discussed in order for the interviewer to learn more Document Analysis - It provides information about the “as-is” system Task - It is a unit of work that will be performed by a member or members of the development team, such as feasibility analysis. Project Management tools - It is used to successfully manage traditional software development projects. Project portfolio management - It is a process that optimizes project selection and sequencing in order to best support business goals. Break-even point - It is the point in time at which the cost of the project equals the value it has delivered. Identifying Costs and Benefits/ Costs and Benefits - It is the first task when developing an economic feasibility analysis. Feasibility Analysis- It identifies the project’s risks that must be addressed if the project is approved. Special issues- This can be anything else that should be considered Business value - These are the benefits that the organization can expect from the project. Business requirements - It is the business capabilities the system will need to have. Business need - It is the reason prompting the project. Project sponsor - It is the primary point of contact for the project Intangible Value - This is the result from an intuitive belief that the system provides important, but hard- to-measure, benefits to the organization. Tangible Value - This can be quantified and measured easily. Stakeholders- These are the people involved in or affected by the project actives. Management - It can be defined as all activities and tasks undertaken by one or more persons for the purpose of planning and controlling the activities of others Project - When it is finished it must be evaluated to determine whether it satisfies the objectives and goals. Passive observation- This type of observation lets you sit with others and just observe how they are doing their work without interpreting them. Active observation - This type of observation tries to attempt the work that other persons are doing Observation - Its major goal is to learn about other people's activities, tasks, tools, and events. Types of Information Systems Types of Questions Transaction Processing Systems or TPS Open-ended questions Office Automation Systems or OAS Closed-ended questions Knowledge Work Systems or KWS Probing questions Management Information Systems or MIS Components of MIS Marketing Research System or MRS Marketing Intelligence System or MIS Decision Support System or DSS Executive Support Systems or ESS Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Enterprise Systems System development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific software. Phase 1: Planning Involves determining a solid plan for developing your information system Three primary planning activities: Define the system to be developed Set the project scope Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes Phase 2: Analysis Involves end users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system Two primary analysis activities: 1. Gather the business requirements Business requirements - the detailed set of knowledge worker requests that the system must meet in order to be successful Joint application development (JAD) - knowledge workers and IT specialists meet, sometimes for several days, to define or review the business requirements for the system 2. Prioritize the requirements Requirements definition document – prioritizes the business requirements and places them in a formal comprehensive document Phase 3: Design Build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work Two primary design activities: 1.Design the technical architecture Technical architecture - defines the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment required to run the system 2.Design system models Modeling - the activity of drawing a graphical representation of a design Graphical user interface (GUI) - the interface to an information system GUI screen design - the ability to model the information system screens for an entire system Phase 4: Development Take all of your detailed design documents from the design phase and transform them into an actual system Two primary development activities: Build the technical architecture Build the database and programs Phase 5: Testing Verifies that the system works and meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase Two primary testing activities: 1.Write the test conditions Test conditions - the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step 2. Perform the testing of the system a. Unit testing – tests individual units of code b. System testing – verifies that the units of code function correctly when integrated c. Integration testing – verifies that separate systems work together d. User acceptance testing (UAT) – determines if the system satisfies the business requirements Phase 6: Implementation Distribute the system to all of the knowledge workers and they begin using the system to perform their everyday jobs Two primary implementation activities 1. Write detailed user documentation User documentation - highlights how to use the system 2. Provide training for the system users Online training - runs over the Internet or off a CD-ROM Workshop training - is held in a classroom environment and lead by an instructor Choose the right implementation method – Parallel implementation – use both the old and new system simultaneously – Plunge implementation – discard the old system completely and use the new – Pilot implementation – start with small groups of people on the new system and gradually add more users - Phased implementation – implement the new system in phases Phase 7: Maintenance Monitor and support the new system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals Two primary maintenance activities: 1. Build a help desk to support the system users Help desk - a group of people who responds to knowledge workers’ questions 2. Provide an environment to support system changes