RW REVIEWER (1) PDF - Patterns of Development in Writing

LESSON 1: PATTERNS OF Signal Words: above, across, adjacent to, against, DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING along, amidst, around, away from, Patterns of Development back of, behind, below,...

LESSON 1: PATTERNS OF Signal Words: above, across, adjacent to, against, DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING along, amidst, around, away from, Patterns of Development back of, behind, below, beneath, -​ Techniques that writers use in between, beyond, farther, here, in front developing ideas that are of, on top of, opposite to, outside, logically arranged throughout, to the right, under, over +Transitional Devices 3. Definition -​ Help differentiate one pattern -​ identifies a term and sets it from another apart from all other terms that 1. Narration may be related to it. -​ Used to recall an event or Signal Words: explain a process in the form of is defined as means, as defined, refers a story to, to define, to illustrate -​ Arranged in chronological order Types of Narration: 4. Classification +Historical Narration - to inform or -​ Uses criteria or standards, in explain organizing ideas into divisions, +Literary Narration - to amuse or classes, or categories entertain Signal Words: Signal Words: another, another kind, classified as, a. Narration: female type, one kind, the first at this point, later, yesterday, category, the last group, the next part meanwhile, immediately, tomorrow, as 5. Comparison and Contrast soon as, in the meantime, when -​ Comparison = similarities, b. Process: contrast = differences before, first, then, when, during, after, -​ Organizing ideas through citing finally, till, prior, next, about, presently, differences and similarities eventually, immediately Signal Words: 2. Description also, equally, in the same way, in a -​ Illustrates the appearance and similar fashion, as, like, to compare, characteristics of a specific similarly, both, in comparison, likewise object, person, or location. 6. Cause and Effect ​ Ideas formed and -​ Explain why something happens well-developed. and the results of a ​ Ideas are well-developed when phenomenon there is a clear statement of Signal Words: purpose, position, facts, as, for, since, being that, seeing that, in examples, specific details, as much as, in that one reason, definitions, explanation, because (of the fact), for the reason justifications, or opposing that, due to (the fact that) viewpoints. 7. Persuasion 2.​ Coherence and Cohesion -​ Used to make the readers think Coherence or act a certain way the writer -​ This means that desires sentences are arranged Signal Words: in a logical manner, again, truly, indeed, in fact, to repeat, making them easily for this reason, in that case, to understood by the reader. emphasize, with this in mind Cohesion 8. Problem-Solution -​ Connection of ideas at -​ generally presents a problem sentence level with details and then a solution -​ The property of unity in a with accompanying details. written text or a segment Signal Words: of spoken discourse that but the problem, one solution is, the stems from links among problem, the solution, one way is, its surface elements, as nonetheless, one reason for the when words in one sentence are repeated in another, and especially LESSON 2: TECHNIQUES IN from the fact that some WRITING words or phrases depend 1.​ Organization for their interpretation ​ Organization is achieved when upon material in these ideas are logically and preceding or following accurately arranged. text. A.​ Arrangement of details meanwhile, subsequent, according to… etc.) 1.​ Chronological Order - b.​ Sequence (moreover, the details are arranged furthermore, next, also, in the order in which they another, first, besides, happened. etc.) 2.​ Spatial Order - the c.​ Space (above, next to, sentences of a paragraph below, behind, etc.) are arranged according d.​ Illustration (for instance, to geographical location, specifically, for example such as left-to-tight, namely, in this case, etc.) up-to-down, etc. e.​ Comparison (similarly, 3.​ Emphatic Order - is when also, in the same way, information found in a likewise, etc.) paragraph is arranged to f.​ Contrast (but, despite, on emphasize certain points the contrary, even though, depending on the writer’s etc.) purpose. The coherence g.​ Cause and Effect of the paragraph in one (because, as a result, of two ways: (a) from consequently, then, etc.) least to most important, h.​ Conclusion (thus, or (b) from most to least therefore, in conclusion, in important. short, etc.) B. Signal Devices 2. Repetitions -​ Words that give readers -​ Repetitions of main ideas an idea of how the points keep continuity and in your paragraph are highlight important ideas progressing. -​ It could be a word, a 1.​ Transitions - words that phrase, or a full sentence, connect one idea to another, in or a poetical line order for our ideas to flow repeated to emphasize its smoothly. significance in the entire a.​ Time (first, immediately, text. afterward, before,  Examples: The judge f.​ Everyday abbreviations (e.g. commanded, stamping photos, fridge, phone, info) his mallet on the table, g.​ Slang (e.g. cops, cool) “Order in the court, order h.​ Not gender neutral (e.g. in the court.” firemen, mankind) 3. Synonyms 4. Mechanics -​ These words similar in -​ Set of conventions on how to meaning to important spell, abbreviate, punctuate, words and phrases that and capitalize prevent tedious -​ Avoid contractions and repetitions exclamation points (unless part 4. Pronouns of a direct quotation) -​ Words that connect -​ Mention the full name before the readers to the original abbreviation word that the pronouns -​ Numbers from 0-10 must be replace spelled out 3. Language Use -​ Appropriateness of word or vocabulary usage LESSON 3: FORMS OF CLAIM Words and phrases on must avoid in DEFINITIONS: order to practice appropriate +​ Explicit - obvious and language use: apparent; directly stated a.​ Too informal (a bit, America, +​ Implicit - not expressed clearly, kind of, till, isn’t, can’t) only suggested; indirectly stated b.​ Too unsophisticated (bad, big, +​ Imply - suggesting it in an good, show) indirect way rather than making c.​ Too vague (stuff, thing) an explicit statement d.​ Jargon (“insider” terminology +​ Infer - deciding that something that may be difficult for readers is true based on the evidence from other fields to understand) available e.​ Clichés (which are expressions that are heavily overused, such Claims as think outside the box and but -​ asserts that the condition has at the end of the day) existed, exists, or will exist.  -​ derived from factual information like definitions, data, history, or Intertextuality - A process of text connections. development involving imitation and -​ not dependent merely on a creation, where an author, influenced person's preference but can be by another, incorporates the style and true or false. characteristics of the original text. Types of Claims: Example: + Claim of Fact - asserts that something has existed, does exist, or will exist Types of Factual Claims: ➔​ Factual/Historical ➔​ Relational ➔​ Predictive + Claim of Value - argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing. + Claim of Policy - argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem. LESSON 4: HYPERTEXT AND INTERTEXT Hypertext - A non-linear way of presenting information using links that help readers navigate to related topics Wishing you the best of luck on your or additional resources. exams! God bless! – Mikachu & Ria Example: