Csk Literary Devices 2 PDF

Terms related to literary devices and patterns of development. 1. Analogy Comparisons between essentially unlike things. Most often in analogy, we illuminate or explain an unfamiliar, abstract class of things with a familiar and concrete class of things. Ex : finding that lost dog will be like...

Terms related to literary devices and patterns of development. 1. Analogy Comparisons between essentially unlike things. Most often in analogy, we illuminate or explain an unfamiliar, abstract class of things with a familiar and concrete class of things. Ex : finding that lost dog will be like finding a needle in a haystack. 2. Analysis separating something into its elements to understand it better. Ex : a thorough study : doing a careful analysis of the problem. 3. Spatial organization Focuses readers’ attention on one point and describes the object, person from that point. Ex : From top to bottom. Near to far. 4. Chronological organization Order of occurrence in time. Ex: earliest come first and recent come last. (At first, next, during, finally) 5. Structural organization Divides a subject into its parts, types, elements and shows hos these subdivisions are related to each other to form a whole. Ex : line, functions, matrix … 6. Process analysis Explain how the subject happens or how to accomplish it 7. Definition It says what something is and is not, specifying the characteristics that distinguish the subject from other members of its class. For a complex concept or idea. Deeply examine a word or a concept. 8. Comparison and contrast Point out similarities and differences between ideas, objects and so on. 9. Cause and effect Explain why something happens or what its consequences were or will be. Ex : if we eat too much food and do not exercices, we gain weight. eating food without exercising is the « cause », weight gain is the « consequence ». 10. General to specific Scheme where topic sentence comes first and the following sentences become specific. Ex : general : the student enjoyed the class. Specific : Kelly enjoyed professor sprout’s 8 am herbology class. 11. Specific to general The elements of a paragraph build to general conclusions. 12. Abstract to concrete refers to the process of moving from generalized, conceptual, or theoretical ideas (abstract) to specific, tangible, or practical instances (concrete). Ex: starting with a broad concept like “freedom” and illustrating it with real-life examples or applications, such as “freedom of speech.” 13. Concrete to abstract is the process of moving from specific, tangible, or observable examples (concrete) to generalized, conceptual, or theoretical ideas (abstract). Ex : observing several acts of kindness and deriving the abstract concept of “compassion.” 14. Problem-solution The problem solution arrangement introduces a problem and then proposes or explains a solution 15. Countering the opposition Opposing points of view exist in every debates. Say something then say the opposite. Is a contre-argument 16. Question-answer The question answer arrangement introduces a question and then proposes an answer to it. 17. Classification It involves sorting many things into groups based on their similarities. 18. Description Description details the sensory qualities of a person, place, thing or feeling.  19. Narration Narration retells a significant sequence of events, usually in the order of their occurrence. 20. Illustration Some ideas can be developed by illustration or simply support Ex : photo, PowerPoint 21. Parallelism the use of similar grammatical structures for similar events of meaning, within a sentence or among sentences. Ex : and , or. Ex : easy come easy go 22. Repetition of key terms Is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable. Ex : i have a dream …. I have a dream… 23. Shift in perspective, person or tone shifting from first (I), second (you), and third (he/she/it) person. This can happen throughout a work as the narrator’s perspective changes, or as the plot becomes more complex. 24. Climatic organization The arrangement of details or ideas in order of increasing importance to reach a climax. Dramatic 25. Anecdote Is a short story about a real person or event, usually serving to make the listeners laugh or ponder about a topic. 26. Irony Is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. 27. Aporia Questioning oneself (or rhetorically asking the audience). Being in doubt. Ex : ‘to be or not to be, that is the question ? » 28. Tonal ambiguity Encourage the audience to think critically, question assumptions, or consider multiple interpretations. Ex : a passage that combines elements of both humor and sadness “she laughed through tears, the bittersweet melody of memories echoing in the room” 29. On the one hand… on the other… These are construction signals that incorporate evidence from two rival positions in one matter. 30. Affect/pathos An appeal made to the audience's emotions in order to evoke feelings. Ex : “your donation might help this puppy get off the street” Exam example Identify the pattern of development or literary device in the following paragraph. “A woman holds a little dog in the crook of her arm. Her sleeveless open-necked top is richly patterned. She wears lipstick, earrings, a bangle. The dog, a puppy perhaps, is both alert and relaxed, looking directly at the camera, just as the woman does. The photograph has such an informal mood, such disarming warmth, that we might suppose it had been made recently, were it not in antique-looking black and white. It’s wonderful when an old picture lets us in like this, obliterating the distance between its then and our now” (Cole, Teju. “Getting Others Right” New York Times). a. Specific to general b. Concrete to abstract c. Problem-soluZon d. Parallelism