Review Exam 1 Anatomy and Physiology.docx

Exam 1 Anatomy and Physiology Review [Chapter 1] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 2] - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 3] - - - - - - - - - -...

Exam 1 Anatomy and Physiology Review [Chapter 1] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 2] - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 3] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 5] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 6] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Chapter 7] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Here are 30 multiple-choice questions based on your notes for Exam 1 in Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1\. \*\*What is the study of the structure of the body called?\*\* a\) Physiology b\) Biology c\) Anatomy d\) Chemistry 2\. \*\*Physiology refers to the study of:\*\* a\) Structure b\) Function c\) Cells d\) Anatomy 3\. \*\*Which of the following refers to opposite sides of the body?\*\* a\) Ipsilateral b\) Contralateral c\) Medullary d\) Cortical 4\. \*\*Which body cavity contains the brain?\*\* a\) Thorax b\) Cranial c\) Abdominal d\) Pelvic 5\. \*\*The anatomic position involves the body standing:\*\* a\) Facing backward, arms at sides b\) Facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward c\) Lying on its back d\) Lying face down 6\. \*\*What is the term for the narrowest part of a structure?\*\* a\) Apex b\) Medulla c\) Cortex d\) Base Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Control 7\. \*\*Homeostasis refers to the body\'s ability to maintain:\*\* a\) Random changes b\) A constant state or equilibrium c\) Growth and development d\) Metabolism 8\. \*\*Negative feedback in the body functions to:\*\* a\) Stimulate a reaction b\) Stop or reverse a process c\) Create more energy d\) Maintain dehydration 9\. \*\*What type of feedback stimulates a reaction and amplifies the initial stimulus?\*\* a\) Positive feedback b\) Negative feedback c\) Homeostasis d\) None of the above 10\. \*\*What is intrinsic regulation?\*\* a\) Control that comes from another location b\) Regulation within a single cell c\) Regulation where cells regulate each other within the same tissue d\) Regulation by the brain Chapter 3: Chemistry and Biological Molecules 11\. \*\*Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?\*\* a\) Neutron b\) Electron c\) Proton d\) Ion 12\. \*\*What is the charge of a neutron?\*\* a\) Positive b\) Negative c\) No charge d\) Variable 13\. \*\*An isotope refers to an element with the same number of protons but a different number of:\*\* a\) Electrons b\) Neutrons c\) Ions d\) Atoms 14\. \*\*Which type of bond involves the transfer of electrons?\*\* a\) Covalent b\) Hydrogen c\) Ionic d\) Polar 15\. \*\*In a covalent bond, atoms:\*\* a\) Lose electrons b\) Transfer electrons c\) Share pairs of electrons d\) Attract opposite charges 16\. \*\*Which type of bond is represented by a double line in chemical structures?\*\* a\) Ionic bond b\) Covalent bond with 2 shared electrons c\) Covalent bond with 4 shared electrons d\) Hydrogen bond 17\. \*\*Which is an example of an inorganic molecule?\*\* a\) Glucose b\) DNA c\) H2O (Water) d\) Triglyceride 18\. \*\*Which of the following is a property of water?\*\* a\) Low heat of vaporization b\) High specific heat c\) Non-polarity d\) Low cohesion 19\. \*\*Acids release which ion in a solution?\*\* a\) OH-- (Hydroxide) b\) H+ (Hydrogen) c\) Na+ (Sodium) d\) Cl-- (Chloride) 20\. \*\*What happens to pH when acids are added to a solution?\*\* a\) It increases b\) It decreases c\) It remains neutral d\) It oscillates 21\. \*\*Which of the following substances is an example of a base?\*\* a\) Lemon juice b\) Vinegar c\) Ammonia d\) Beer 22\. \*\*Proteins are made of which building blocks?\*\* a\) Fatty acids b\) Sugars c\) Amino acids d\) Nucleotides 23\. \*\*Which type of lipid contains a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid tails?\*\* a\) Phospholipid b\) Triglyceride c\) Steroid d\) Cholesterol 24\. \*\*The phospholipid bilayer forms the basic structure of the:\*\* a\) Nucleus b\) Cell membrane c\) Mitochondria d\) Cytoplasm 25\. \*\*Which of the following determines the function of a protein?\*\* a\) Its weight b\) Its shape c\) Its temperature d\) Its size 26\. \*\*In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with:\*\* a\) Uracil (U) b\) Cytosine (C) c\) Guanine (G) d\) Thymine (T) 27\. \*\*RNA differs from DNA because in RNA, adenine (A) pairs with:\*\* a\) Uracil (U) b\) Cytosine (C) c\) Thymine (T) d\) Guanine (G) 28\. \*\*What is the primary function of ATP in the cell?\*\* a\) Structural support b\) Main energy currency c\) Oxygen transport d\) Waste removal 29\. \*\*Which bond type is the weakest, commonly involving partial charges?\*\* a\) Ionic bond b\) Covalent bond c\) Hydrogen bond d\) Peptide bond 30\. \*\*Which of the following describes basal structure?\*\* a\) The top part of a structure b\) The central core c\) The widest part of a structure d\) The narrowest part of a structure Answer Key: 1\. \*\*c) Anatomy\*\* 2\. \*\*b) Function\*\* 3\. \*\*b) Contralateral\*\* 4\. \*\*b) Cranial\*\* 5\. \*\*b) Facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward\*\* 6\. \*\*a) Apex\*\* 7\. \*\*b) A constant state or equilibrium\*\* 8\. \*\*b) Stop or reverse a process\*\* 9\. \*\*a) Positive feedback\*\* 10\. \*\*c) Regulation where cells regulate each other within the same tissue\*\* 11\. \*\*c) Proton\*\* 12\. \*\*c) No charge\*\* 13\. \*\*b) Neutrons\*\* 14\. \*\*c) Ionic\*\* 15\. \*\*c) Share pairs of electrons\*\* 16\. \*\*c) Covalent bond with 4 shared electrons\*\* 17\. \*\*c) H2O (Water)\*\* 18\. \*\*b) High specific heat\*\* 19\. \*\*b) H+ (Hydrogen)\*\* 20\. \*\*b) It decreases\*\* 21\. \*\*c) Ammonia\*\* 22\. \*\*c) Amino acids\*\* 23\. \*\*b) Triglyceride\*\* 24\. \*\*b) Cell membrane\*\* 25\. \*\*b) Its shape\*\* 26\. \*\*d) Thymine (T)\*\* 27\. \*\*a) Uracil (U)\*\* 28\. \*\*b) Main energy currency\*\* 29\. \*\*c) Hydrogen bond\*\* 30\. \*\*c) The widest part of a structure\*\* Here are 30 multiple-choice questions based on your notes from Chapters 5, 6, and 7: Chapter 5: Cell Structure and Organelles 1\. \*\*What is the primary component of the cell membrane?\*\* a\) Proteins b\) Phospholipids c\) Carbohydrates d\) Cholesterol 2\. \*\*The cytoplasm is best described as:\*\* a\) The brain of the cell b\) A gel-like substance where cellular organelles reside c\) The barrier of the cell d\) The powerhouse of the cell 3\. \*\*What is housed within the nucleus?\*\* a\) ATP b\) DNA c\) Proteins d\) Vesicles 4\. \*\*What is the role of exons in the cell?\*\* a\) Stay in the nucleus b\) Exit the nucleus and express the code c\) Create proteins d\) Form vesicles 5\. \*\*What process converts DNA to mRNA?\*\* a\) Translation b\) Replication c\) Transcription d\) Endocytosis 6\. \*\*The process of translation is responsible for:\*\* a\) Transcribing DNA b\) Creating ribosomes c\) Converting mRNA information into protein sequences d\) Packaging proteins 7\. \*\*Which organelle is associated with ribosomes and receives mRNA?\*\* a\) Golgi apparatus b\) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum c\) Nucleus d\) Mitochondria 8\. \*\*What is the primary function of ribosomes?\*\* a\) Transcribe DNA b\) Make proteins c\) Generate energy d\) Break down waste 9\. \*\*Which organelle packages proteins and sends them out of the cell?\*\* a\) Nucleus b\) Ribosome c\) Golgi apparatus d\) Mitochondria 10\. \*\*What is the role of vesicles in a cell?\*\* a\) Provide structural support b\) Transport materials and recycle waste c\) Produce ATP d\) Store genetic material 11\. \*\*What is the main function of mitochondria?\*\* a\) Protein synthesis b\) Energy production (ATP) c\) Storing DNA d\) Cellular transport 12\. \*\*Microtubules serve as:\*\* a\) Barriers b\) Sites of protein synthesis c\) Tracks for vesicle movement d\) Energy sources Chapter 6: Cell Transport and Enzymes 13\. \*\*The concentration gradient moves particles from an area of:\*\* a\) Lower concentration to higher concentration b\) Higher concentration to lower concentration c\) Equal concentration to equal concentration d\) No concentration difference 14\. \*\*What is the term for the diffusion of water across a membrane?\*\* a\) Active transport b\) Osmosis c\) Endocytosis d\) Exocytosis 15\. \*\*An isotonic solution results in a red blood cell that:\*\* a\) Swells b\) Shrinks c\) Stays the same d\) Bursts 16\. \*\*A hypotonic solution causes red blood cells to:\*\* a\) Shrink b\) Burst c\) Swell d\) Stay the same 17\. \*\*Which type of solution causes red blood cells to shrink?\*\* a\) Isotonic b\) Hypotonic c\) Hypertonic d\) No solution affects cells this way 18\. \*\*What is required for active transport to occur?\*\* a\) Concentration gradient b\) ATP (energy) c\) Enzymes d\) Passive diffusion 19\. \*\*Passive transport includes:\*\* a\) Endocytosis and exocytosis b\) Diffusion and osmosis c\) Active pumps d\) ATP production 20\. \*\*What is the role of enzymes in the body?\*\* a\) Provide energy b\) Act as a catalyst for reactions c\) Store genetic information d\) Absorb nutrients Chapter 7: Protein Synthesis and Cell Cycle 21\. \*\*Where is rRNA produced in the cell?\*\* a\) Mitochondria b\) Nucleus c\) Nucleolus d\) Ribosome 22\. \*\*The primary function of mRNA is to:\*\* a\) Build ribosomes b\) Transfer amino acids c\) Synthesize DNA d\) Carry the code to make proteins 23\. \*\*Which type of RNA is responsible for transferring amino acids during protein synthesis?\*\* a\) rRNA b\) mRNA c\) tRNA d\) siRNA 24\. \*\*Amino acids are the building blocks of:\*\* a\) DNA b\) Lipids c\) Proteins d\) Carbohydrates 25\. \*\*In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?\*\* a\) G1 b\) S phase c\) G2 d\) M phase 26\. \*\*What is the purpose of mitosis?\*\* a\) To produce two identical cells b\) To produce four unique cells c\) To replicate DNA d\) To create gametes 27\. \*\*During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?\*\* a\) Prophase b\) Metaphase c\) Anaphase d\) Telophase 28\. \*\*What occurs during anaphase?\*\* a\) Chromosomes condense b\) Chromosomes align c\) Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides d\) The cell membrane splits 29\. \*\*At the end of telophase, the cell either enters:\*\* a\) G0 or S phase b\) G0 or G1 c\) G2 or G1 d\) S phase or M phase 30\. \*\*What is the chromosome count in haploid cells, such as sperm or egg cells?\*\* a\) 23 b\) 46 c\) 92 d\) 13 Here's the answer key for the multiple-choice questions: 1\. \*\*b) Phospholipids\*\* 2\. \*\*b) A gel-like substance where cellular organelles reside\*\* 3\. \*\*b) DNA\*\* 4\. \*\*b) Exit the nucleus and express the code\*\* 5\. \*\*c) Transcription\*\* 6\. \*\*c) Converting mRNA information into protein sequences\*\* 7\. \*\*b) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum\*\* 8\. \*\*b) Make proteins\*\* 9\. \*\*c) Golgi apparatus\*\* 10\. \*\*b) Transport materials and recycle waste\*\* 11\. \*\*b) Energy production (ATP)\*\* 12\. \*\*c) Tracks for vesicle movement\*\* 13\. \*\*b) Higher concentration to lower concentration\*\* 14\. \*\*b) Osmosis\*\* 15\. \*\*c) Stays the same\*\* 16\. \*\*c) Swell\*\* 17\. \*\*c) Hypertonic\*\* 18\. \*\*b) ATP (energy)\*\* 19\. \*\*b) Diffusion and osmosis\*\* 20\. \*\*b) Act as a catalyst for reactions\*\* 21\. \*\*c) Nucleolus\*\* 22\. \*\*d) Carry the code to make proteins\*\* 23\. \*\*c) tRNA\*\* 24\. \*\*c) Proteins\*\* 25\. \*\*b) S phase\*\* 26\. \*\*a) To produce two identical cells\*\* 27\. \*\*b) Metaphase\*\* 28\. \*\*c) Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides\*\* 29\. \*\*b) G0 or G1\*\* 30\. \*\*a) 23\*\*