Risk, Disaster & Humanitarian Communication - RDHC PDF

RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION INTRODUCTION TO RDHC RESILIENCY ​ STAND UP AND PERFORM SHIT CLIMATE ACTION KAHIT MARAMI NANGYAYARI SAU ​ Mitigation - lessen impact,...

RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION INTRODUCTION TO RDHC RESILIENCY ​ STAND UP AND PERFORM SHIT CLIMATE ACTION KAHIT MARAMI NANGYAYARI SAU ​ Mitigation - lessen impact, slow down defect in human LA FIRESTORM = Dry yung environment ​ Adaptation - we can prevent bad effects, ​ May lightning na natama sa dry areas, but no choice, we have to adapt. nagsimula ng fire ​ Political = napabayaan mayor govt, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS walang tubig firefighters ​ was introduced in 2015, France MAUI WILDFIRES = Communication sa ​ Formulated 17 SDG (dati MDG) stakeholders ​ Sdg must be attained daw 2030 = Give us time to prepare for the effect of Before you communicate, be sure that the climate change source is reliable. ​ Disasters brought by climate change ​ Baka magkalat ng fake news ​ 2030 = & year wherein if we don't ​ Lindol hindi napeprepredict change shit , take action today ​ SCIENTIFIC VALID DATA-BASED immediately, baka climate change will COMMUNICATION be irreversible na ​ DAPAT HINDI NAGCOCAUSE NG ​ Wala pa country nakakaaattain ng 100% PANIC SA MGA TAO accomplished sdg ○​ panic = chaos ○​ "Hinog na daw faultline" BAKA. COMMUNICATING DISASTER DAW. Ultimate goal -> Prevention ​ what we can predict = disasters from climate change PAG-ASA ​ Communicate with honesty & ​ weather forecasts scientifically ​ scientific knowledge on typhoon ​ Prepare preventive shit ​ speed & center winds & high velocity & ​ HINDI MAGCAUSE NG CONFUSION tsunami height & physics Chem biology AND PANIC ​ Yolanda di pa alam Storm Surge Reporting = CITE FIRST PRIMARY NDRRMC INFORMATION ​ Meteor science + Social science Understanding science lessens panic Validate and verify information COMPLEX DISASTERS Wag fake news ​ typhoon odette tumama on the height on covid 19 ​ Nakalimutan na may covid = Siksikan sa evac center Task 1 -​ Infographic, tas gagawan ng video, tapos gagawa ng webpage. -​ Download WRR  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION the most extreme manifestation of a OVERVIEW OF RISK DISASTERS flammagenitus cloud. 10 DEADLIEST NATURAL DISASTERS in WHEN WRITING we want to evoke: 2020 ​ Concern 1.​ Typhoon ​ Raising awareness 2.​ Volcanic Eruption ​ Create an action 3.​ Earthquake Patten: In writing, must have WHAT, WHEN, 4.​ Flash floods HOW, WHERE. 5.​ Hurricane 6.​ Cyclone Amphan (india) Note: As time progress, the casualty actually 7.​ Earthquake + tsunami in greece and increases turkey -​ Pattern in reporting: Nature + Countries with most natural disasters in 2019 Casualties + Location 1.​ US 8.​ Flash Flood in Afghanistan 2.​ Indonesia 9.​ Hurricane Eta in central america 3.​ PH 10.​Bushfires at Australia Countries with most natural disasters in 2020 Casualties = are affected/ injured 1.​ Indonesia 2.​ Us Hurricane vs Typhoon 3.​ China ​ Hurricane - used in atlantic and eastern 4.​ Vietnam pacific ocean 5.​ India ​ Typhoon - used in western pacific ocean GLACIE ISSUE: Fracturing the ice shelf would allow part of the Thwaites Glacier to triple in Magnitude vs intensity (EARTHQUAKE) speed, contributing to global sea level rise to 5% ​ Magnitude - measure of earthquake size and remains unchanged with distance The Atlantic Meridional Overturning from the earthquake Circulation (AMOC) is a system of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean that plays a critical ​ Intensity - describes the degree of role in Earth’s climate system. The AMOC is shaking caused by an earthquake at a critical in the current climate around large parts given place and decreases with distance of the world, particularly North America and from the earthquake epicentre. Europe. -​ If shuts down, Gulf stream would no longer pump warm, tropical water to the PYROCUMOLONIMBUS CLOUD north atlantic. Average temperatures -​ forms above a source of heat, such as a would cool in Europe and North America wildfire, nuclear explosion, or volcanic by three degrees Celsius (5°F) or more in eruption, and may sometimes even just a few years – not enough to trigger a extinguish the fire that formed it. It is  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION full-fledged ice age, but enough cooling ​ Hazard - any phenomenon that has the to bring snows in June and killing frosts potential to cause disruption or damage in July and August to New England and to humans and their environment. northern Europe, such as occurred in the Ex: trigger events that cause disaster. (typhoon, famed 1816 “year without a summer”. pollution, etc) -​ In addition, shifts in the jet stream TYPES OF HAZARDS pattern would bring about severe 1. Natural Hazards droughts and damaging floods in regions -​ caused by physical and biological unaccustomed to such events, greatly elements in the environment straining global food and water supplies. -​ natural events cannot be controlled by humans -​ part of the natural processes of the BASED ON UN Earth -​ We have to maintain 1.5 degrees but we -​ continuously shaping the Earth’s are now hitting 2 degrees which is the surface point that must not be hit kasi di nakaya ng earth. Hydro-meteorological : Cyclone, typhoon, -​ Due to climate change polar vortex that storm surge, tornado, landslides, flood, global is supposed to be in the north pole is warming, extreme climatic variables. going down to climate countries. Geological phenomena: earthquakes, tsunami, THE CLIMATE REALITY PROJECT volcanic eruptions, astronomical hazards -​ Philippines ranked 1st with the most number of weather related events (2015-now) 2. Man-made Hazards -​ caused by factors that are generally TERMINOLOGIES: traced to human errors, intent or ​ Risk - expected number of lives lost, negligence persons injured, damage to property and -​ products of advancing technology and disruption of economic activity due to human lifestyle natural phenomenon, and consequently -​ may also include different transport the product of specific risk and elements accidents at risk. Ex: poor building, leptospirosis, etc. Technological hazards: structural collapse, fire, chemical spill, vehicle accidents, electrical ​ Vulnerability - factors of the community blackout, food poisoning. the allow a hazard to cause a disaster or Environmental hazards: Red tide, water chances of the community not to cope pollution from the emergency. Socio economic, political, security: bomb threats, kidnapping, hostage, civil disorder  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION -​ Natural events are termed hazards when they have the potential to harm people or cause property damage, social, and economic disruption CAPACITIES -​ The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within an organization, community or society to DISASTERS - natural or man-made manage and reduce disaster risks and emergencies that cannot be handled by affected strengthen resilience. -​ communities who experience severe danger and incur loss of lives and properties causing FORMULA OF RISK disruption in its social structure and prevention RISK = Hazard X Exposure X Vulnerability of the fulfillment of all of some fo the affected community’s essential functions. ​ Exposure - time you are affected or Disaster Impact - actual hazard event or its exposed to the particular hazard. immediate consequence requiring extraordinary response. -​ When it comes to ranking calamities and Disaster Mitigation - an act of preventing or risk, Philippines is no. 1. minimizing the adverse effects of disaster-causing phenomenon through measures designed to prepare and protect life CORE DIMENSIONS OF DIVERSITY and property. 1.​ Age 2.​ Physical and mental abilities Disaster Preparedness - which individual or 3.​ Gender and gender identity groups of a community have developed plans, 4.​ Social background allocated resources, and established procedures 5.​ Religion and worldview for efficient and effective implementation of 6.​ Ethnic background and nationality plans. 7.​ Sensual orientation -​ All dimensions points to vulnerability. Disaster Risk Management - systematic process of using administrative decisions, VULNERABILITY: organization, operational skills and capacities to ​ Susceptibility - can be easily harmed implement policies, strategies etc. ​ Lack of Coping Capabilities - lack of responding properly to the impact ​ Lack of Adaptive Capacities - lack of capacity to change long term. Risk and the context of hazard, exposure and vulnerability.  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS AND POLICIES -​ Hyogo, Sendai, & NDRRMP (RA 10121) Course Framework: Disaster and Sustainable Development (SDG 13, 17) THE DISASTER FRAMEWORK Communication is a major part of Disaster framework through the IEC. 1.​ Prevention – Legal frameworks should be known to the public in language they understand. 2.​ Preparedness – strategies and activities of the LGUs should cascade to the households, barangay members (where to go during actual disaster; whom to contact, what contact numbers etc). “Iba na ang may alam”. 3.​ Disaster – Well informed on what to do, emotionally ready (food, water, basic clothing and documents). 4.​ Response – Should be aware that time -​ Identify the risk related to disaster is of the essence. There should be quick -​ Reduction of risks needs management family response within 72 hours. Neighborhood and barangay should not DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT depend on outside help. - this is interwoven in the disaster cycle to avoid a.​ Response kasi is dependent on casualties, disturbance, destruction, communication, transportation, displacement. internet.  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION 5.​ Recovery – Has to be informed on what ​ Quality education to retain, save, restore, what to let go ​ Clean water and sanitation ​ industry , innovation and infrastructure ​ Climate action ​ Life below water DISASTER AND SUSTAINABLE ​ Life on land DEVELOPMENT -​ Disasters threaten development, just as excessive development can create DRR TIMELINE disaster risk -​ Last 60 years, achieved in DRR by UN -​ Disaster and SDGs are related to each general assembly. other. If DRRM is properly implemented, then people are less vulnerable and ​ During 1960’s, UN/GA adopted increases disaster adaptation creating measures regarding severe disasters resilient communities. ​ 1970-1986 Assistance in cases of natural disasters ​ 1990-1999: international decade for ​ End goal = resiliency and livable natural disaster reduction communities and cities. ​ 2000-2007 - disasters, vulnerability, and the ISDR ​ Goal = create resilient communities by ​ 2008-today: global assessment, etc, new translating DRRM into actionable urban agenda activities towards SDGs HYOGO FRAMEWORK - luma -​ 2030 kasi by that time, it would be irreversible to bring things back. 10 SDGS RELATED TO DISASTER STUDIES ​ End of poverty ​ Zero hunger ​ Good health and well-being  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION SENDAI FRAMEWORK 2015-2030 -​ Was adopted at the 3rd UN world conference on DRR -​ Anchored in sustainability -​ Call to action to 15 years Preventing risk and emerging risks REPUBLIC ACT NO. 101211 -​ An act strengthening the Philippine DRRM System, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funs thereof for other purposes. -​ Known as the PDRRM Act of 2010 4 PRIORITIES -​ 1.​ Understanding disaster risk: So that you know how to mitigate it 2.​ Strengthening dr governance: Having a clear strategy, institution, law, and budget 3.​ Investing in disaster: Includes public and private investments 4.​ Enhancing disaster preparedness: Building back NATIONAL DRRM PLAN 2011-2018 THE INNOVATION CURVE - from destructive to regenerative approaches  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION -​ In the community, they must build PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF TRUST. HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION DURING AND AFTER NATURAL DISASTERS AND ARMED CONFLICT WHAT IS HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION [Video] Data analysis for the purposes of saving, Hazard, Risk + Safety alleviating suffering, and protecting the dignity of crisis-affected populations when performed in Hazard - potential to cause harm accordance with international standards of the 4 Risk - likelihood of harm in defined Principles. circumstances. Example: 4 CORE PRINCIPLE (1)​ A hazardous substance can be low to ​ Humanitarian - Always for the welfare of no risk if used correctly or humans substantially. ​ Impartiality - not selective. Provide (2)​ A flour is not hazardous but can be a assistance with different races. high risk if an individual is exposed too ​ Neutrality - not taking sides. much. ​ Independence - not following others’ Evaluate Risk: How, Where, How much, how objectives such as political agenda long? Finding Balance: Risk can be measured by: frequencies, ​ Recognize dilemma in your face lengths of exposure, conditions. ​ Explore options of trade offs ​ Select action and minimize risks -​ When sufficient established elements suggest a potential damage to health Communication in humanitarian settings is or etc, measures should be taken. central to all activities before, during and when closing a humanitarian programme as it is the main medium of interaction between the How to manage risk? Limit exposure, risk different actors: the population affected, the reduction measures humanitarian actors and local stakeholders. It is -​ Must have an acceptable limit level determined essential to implementing programmes efficiently. Perception + Acceptance -​ International accountability Emotional + Rational -​ Technical capacity building -​ Information collection and dissemination -​ Fear can be fueled by -​ Preparedness activities sensationalized news. -​ One fear sets in even if risk is not proven, the precautionary principle is People need information as much as water, taken out of hand. food, medicine or shelter. Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION assistance-related information to ORIGINS of Humanitarian Principle - Started affected communities. from Red Cross -​ Is about saving lives and humanity INFORMATION FROM AFFECTED COMMUNITIES “Information bestows power” ​ Creates a suitable platform for feedback PRINCIPLE OF NEUTRALITY - humanitarian in order to give affected communities the workers don’t take sides. opportunity to extend residents’ plights and needs HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION - communities tend to suffer more from disasters ​ Express peoples’ grievances verbally when there is imprecision and nonexistence and nonverbally. of adequate facts, due to deficit of critical information, w/c can lead to uniformed ​ For accurate information flow, it is always decision-making, which can trigger excessive imperative to understand how people and stress aggravating suffering. governments access information currently. CONCEPT OF HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION INFORMATION TO AFFECTED COMMUNITIES ​ Assessments of natural and manmade ​ directs victims of disaster in affected disasters have established deficiency in communities on how and where to adequate information and access humanitarian assistance in a communication. timely and accurate manner ​ Affected populations as the most unmet need, ​ Asking what the assistance is all about ​ Effective provision of information and exchange of messages with affected ​ What to do when help needed is not populations appears to be the least available comprehended. ​ A two communication strategy for ​ should have a wide reach in terms of creating meaning and mutual coverage while putting into cognizance understanding between relevant the vulnerable who are likely to be stakeholders involved in humanitarian affected. affairs or activities globally. TYPES OF HUMANITARIAN 2 COMPONENTS of HC: COMMUNICATION a.​ Taking into account the information needs of and feedback from affected 1.​ Operational Communication communities in developing an -​ the transformation of information appropriate information response between humanitarian actors and interlocutors b.​ Providing communications service to -​ Actual operations humanitarian actors by disseminating  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION 2.​ Beneficiary communication or dissemination IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITARIAN -​ is about empowering people by COMMUNICATION giving them a voice to participate Accessing help from humanitarian actors, in their own. understanding and knowing where the help is, who is rendering the help as well as the nature 3.​ Communication for development (what) of the assistance are fundamentally -​ a tool used in humanitarian dependent on information received. communication circle and beyond to promote social and political -​ “Poor information flow is transformation through enhanced unquestionably the leading source of participation. dissatisfaction, anger and frustration among affected people”. HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION -​ Reducing risks by working together -​ Information is needed for survival. with the audience. -​ Information is often acute. 1.​ Analysis - know the audience, and identify the problem. -​ Programming tailored to the needs of -​ Best way is to ask questions such people can provide an essential 2.​ Strategic Design - sharing information information lifeline. in an effective way to fix the knowledge gap. -​ Ensure share it depending on how they communicate or who they trust. ​ Perceptions create problem and crisis -​ Be able to handle problem is by 3.​ Development and Testing - share understanding community in through an activity, and ask for the way they want. improvement if there are. -​ Main priority communicated in -​ Make sure activity is the main stakeholders. understood and doable ​ First stakeholder is always the internal 4.​ Implementation - implementing stakeholder activity ​ Risk understanding differs from one 5.​ Evaluation - helps measures the another, we have to understand this impact of the activity. -​ Assess if problem is addressed ​ Risk brings fear. The more emotional people get, the less they listen. -​ Make sure to ask for opinion from -​ Thus, be really empathetic. community because they are also -​ The more your calm, the knowledgeable on their own lives. calmer your audience -​ DO NOT communicate NEGATIVELY -​ Find a way not to negatively ​ Understand risk disturb community. ○​ Familiarity ○​ Control  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION effective methods of communication -​ Implement anything the audience think they control the problem. as to their culture and tradition. ​ A conversation rather than a top down approach TARGET AUDIENCE IN HC -​ Silence is BAD -​ Be proactive. 1.​ Affected Communities ​ BUILD TRUST ○​ Always tell truth, and never lie ​ Information on disaster risk reduction and ○​ Preparation is the key element hazard warnings should be to build trust communicated prior to an event. ​ Make sure you understand that your ​ Disaster-affected communities provide are in a fluid situation. Over confident makes people panic. critical information during the emergency ○​ Fluid situation means uncertain and early recovery phases. situation ​ A feedback mechanism should be put in place so that the needs of affected communities are brought to the attention STAKEHOLDERS IN HUMANITARIAN of humanitarian actors through the COMMUNICATION cluster system and can be addressed. Religious and political leaders, communities, local organizations; civil society Each Community has an Incident organizations, and personalities from Command System according to RA10121 academic circle: -​ they are a great source of information -​ they have a firm grip of the context and can talk about vulnerabilities, risks, and the context in which response occurs, and which communities or beneficiaries to target. ​ Stakeholders are used for the purpose of 2.​ Working Constellations and aid advocacy organizations in HC ​ Humanitarian communications offer a ​ Information disseminators centralized system through which targeted information can be provided by ​ Incorporated in the process of developing all clusters and working groups to the messages. right end user. ​ Can give intellectual advice on the tune, ​ Provides a valuable feedback tone and the entire message delivery mechanism that allows for (a) better system in order to ascertain the most accountability, (b) more effective  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION management of information flow and 2.​ Workforce/man power and expectations, thus, (c) better competence. humanitarian response. -​ Make sure aid workers have the right skill and attitude. 3.​ Government ​ Increasing effectiveness of assistance by 3.​ Information - provides accurate, timely, informing communities at the grassroots and factual information. level and improving its humanitarian response through their feedback. 4.​ Participation - ensures engagement of local community in planning aid ​ Allowing for impartial grievance collection 5.​ Handling complaints also known as complaint response mechanisms THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN (CRM). ACCOUNTABILITY PARTNERSHIP -​ Help prevent abuse and exploitation. ​ Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) founded in 2003 is an established 6.​ Learning and Continual Improvement mechanism that provides support to Humanitarian Communications Unit in order to ensure Standard in COMMUNICATION OPERATIONS IN Accountability and Quality HUMANITARIAN CIRCLE Management. Effective communication are always 2 way by ​ These two phenomena are the engine design. It is used during the entire that powers effective humanitarian continuum of preparedness, relief and recovery: work or activities, they are however applicable to other departments aspects ​ Readiness and disaster risk reduction of an organization’s work, including -​ Information is crucial in creating activism and development. awareness in the process of establishing disaster response strategy. -​ Media mapping THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN -​ Local language must be clearly identified. ACCOUNTABILITY PARTNERSHIP (HAP) ​ Early warning systems 6 Benchmarks for Communications Unit and -​ models are scientifically tested to find out Other departments:​ their effectiveness. 1.​ Instituting and strengthening ​ Emergency commitment for effective service -​ The negative impact of disaster is delivery. reduced drastically when people are fed -​ They let know who they are and with information constantly and, what the can help -​ appropriate mechanism are provided  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION ​ Early Recovery ​ Put mechanisms for exit and -​ Affected communities want to be transference to local associates when informed with what they are entitled to international operations draw to a close -​ What longer-term relief is planned to sustain recovery activities. -​ How it will be delivered BASIC OF DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OTHER COMMUNICATIONS CONCEPT MUST Strategy of all HC operations defines the BE CONSIDERED: objectives and how to achieve them. ​ Be educated about their prerogatives ​ Developed while or after determining and rights how and which communities to reach ​ Accessible facilities and the deliverables ​ Which entities can support and owed them participate in the campaign ​ Know projected behavior of staff ​ Local conditions ​ Know how the feedback provided to humanitarian agencies translates to Criteria to take into account include: changes in the response. ​ Target audience(s) and most PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING HUMANITARIAN vulnerable groups, for example, the COMMUNICATION PLAN elderly, the impaired, women and ​ Adequate time being the most important children; factor must be apportioned for developing effective strategy for ​ How information is currently and communication activities. traditionally disseminated; ​ Communications planning work hand in ​ Where assistance and information are hand with operational development. most needed; ​ Effective budget. ​ Main issues of concern for affected communities; ​ Needs assessment through research in communication activities ​ Relevant messages when responding to communities and recurrent key ​ Plan alongside with colleagues outside messages; of communication circle. ​ Relevant languages to communicate in PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING HUMANITARIAN with affected populations; COMMUNICATION PLAN ​ Prevailing environment: politics, ​ Conduct demographic or social mapping economics and safety; with local establishments or stakeholders harnessing local/indigenous  RISK DISASTER AND HUMANITARIAN COMMUNICATION ​ Possible issues to communicate, including political issues and freedom of speech; ​ Identification of other potential stakeholders (e.g. the government and other groups, organizations and institutions) their relationship to the crisis and their participation in or impact on the information campaign; ​ Feedback mechanisms; ​ Complaints and referral mechanisms; ​ Monitoring and evaluation of the campaign. DOCUMENT PARTNER ACTIVITIES At the end of project, documentation of activities is important. ​ Documentation guide: Keep it simple, especially in the beginning. Which organizations (who) conduct what activities (what) in which locations (where) and at what instants (when)? The “4Ws” is a simple but operative technique of any coordination activity, including emergency and early recovery communications.