Cognition Psychology Quizzes PDF

QUIZ 2 1. Episodic and semantic memory have often been regarded as two forms of: a. Self memory b. Procedural memory c. Perceptual memory d. Declarative memory e. Explicit memory 2. If an amnesic patient was as fast as a control to categoris...

QUIZ 2 1. Episodic and semantic memory have often been regarded as two forms of: a. Self memory b. Procedural memory c. Perceptual memory d. Declarative memory e. Explicit memory 2. If an amnesic patient was as fast as a control to categorise words that had previously been studied as 'natural' or 'man-made', this would be an example of intact... Repetition suppression Conceptual priming Semantic memory Perceptual priming Declarative memory 3. Chronic alcoholics may suffer damage to the diencephalon as a result of a thiamine deficiency, and they commonly develop which syndrome? Korsakoff's Huntington's Alzheimer's Urbach-Wiethe Parkinson's 4. Why might we experience infantile amnesia? a. Our brain is under-developed when we are young b. We lack complex linguistics at that age c. Our world view at that age is different to our current world view d. because of a, b and c e. a, b and c do not provide sufficient explanation 5. Phil can remember everything before his illness, but he has trouble making new memories. He has which type of amnesia? a. anterograde b. retrograde c. developmental d. temporary e. metrograde QUIZ 3 1. What type of judgment is made in a simultaneous lineup of suspects? a. Fast b. Absolute c. Relative d. Automatic e. All of the above 2. Life-script theory helps to explain a. Positive and negative life events b. The reminiscence bump c. Poor memory in old age d. Marriages and deaths e. Autobiographical memories 3. The study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) demonstrated how eyewitnesses’ memories can be influenced by: a. Reward b. Misleading information c. Pre-event information d. Confirmation bias e. Rehearsal  4. Source monitoring considers the way in which we remember a. information from one source that resembles another source b. whether information was received internally or externally c. event details d. a question rather than the event e. All of the above 5. Pickel (1999) found that a high threat object ____________ recall of a scene when the context is ____________ a. reduces, unusual b. reduces, usual c. increases, unusual d. increases, usual e. None of the above QUIZ 4 1. Basic definitions of attention all imply that attention is a. A limited resource that selects from external and internal input for finer processing b. An unlimited resource that selects from external and internal input for finer processing c. A limited resource that selects external input for finer processing d. An unlimited resource that selects external input for finer processing e. Consciousness 2. In the retinotopic map, the upper visual field is represented as: a. the most ventral portion of the temporal lobe b. an anterior location c. the most dorsal portion of the occipital lobe  d. the most dorsal portion of the temporal lobe e. the most ventral portion of the occipital lobe 3. What did Muller et al. (2003) find in their zoom lens experiment? a. Region of attention does not affect time to detect the yellow oval target b. As region of attention increases, time to detect the yellow oval target decreases c. As region of attention increases, time to detect the yellow oval target increases d. The yellow oval target is unrelated to region of attaention e. Region of attention depends on where the yellow oval target appears 4. The zoom lens model is an extension of which model of attention a. The spotlight model b. The pinhole model c. The iPhone model d. The stage model e. The fixed width model 5. What is often a goal of fMRI studies that measure perception? a. None of the above b. Predicting activation within the retinotopic map c. Predicting activation of the temporal lobes d. Showing that the frontal lobe is involved in attention e. Using the retinotopic map to direct attention Quiz 5 1. According to Pinker’s (1997) definition of consciousness: a. My experience of red might not be the same as yours b. Awareness is unique to the individual c. I can report on my experience but not how it occurred d. We can have awareness of ourselves e. All of the above 2. Top down (endogenous) attention relies on the _____________ while bottom up (exogenous) attention relies on the _______________ a. Temporal regions; Occipital regions b. Occipital regions; Temporal regions c. Dorsal system; Ventral system d. Location; Object e. Ventral system; Dorsal system 3. By using a dual task paradigm Reddy, Reddy and Koch (2006) aim to: a. Create a primary task so demanding of attention that no attention is given to the second task b. Show that Tom Cruise needs no attention for people to be aware of him c. Show that it is extremely difficult to find a single letter when doing the letter search task d. Prove that attention and consciousness are the same thing e. None of the above 4. In their experiment, Egly, Driver, & Rala (1994) test whether attention is always based on: a. location even when focusing on an object b. objects even when location-based focus is defined c. more than one location at a time d. objects even when location-based focus is diffuse  e. location when there is more than one object 5. Egly, Driver, & Rala (1994) showed that attention is at least partly object based because: a. Target detection was faster on valid trials when cue was in same rather than different object b. Target detection was faster on invalid trials when cue was in same rather than different object c. Target detection was faster on invalid trials when cue was in different rather than same object d. Target detection was not influenced by cue location e. Target detection was faster on valid trials when cue was in different rather than same object QUIZ 6 1. The realisation of how to solve an insight problem is immediately preceded by a. good performance on a test that measures similar abilities b. ingenuity c. imprinting d. impasse e. impalas 2. Sam has recently started playing chess and has had early success winning inter- University competitions. He has set himself the goal to become an international chess master in 6 years time, by the time he is 26 years old. According to Chase and Simon (1973), Sam’s goal is unrealistic. Why? a. 26 is too young to be a chess master b. Inter-University competition will not prepare him for International Chess competitions c. He needs to devote at least 10 years to intensive practice d. He will need to turn professional e. He is not the Deep Blue computer  3. The sequential processing stages in four-term analogy problems are: a. black - white - night - day b. mapping - encoding - response c. similarity - memory - encoding d. encoding - mapping - response e. similarity - encoding - response 4. Chess masters have detailed knowledge about chess positions stored in their a. working memory b. black box c. lexicon d. long term memory e. Backpack 5. The ‘Tower of Hanoi’ can be solved by a. 10 years practice b. Using the Robotic Gripper Problem c. 10 000 hours practice d. Finding clues at the Leaning Tower of Pisa e. Performing a sequential search QUIZ 7 1. Prospect Theory's value function demonstrates that a. The subjective value of money is inverse to the actual value b. The subjective value of a monetary losses does not increase as constantly as actual value c. The subjective value of money has nothing to do with the actual value d. The subjective value of money does not increase as constantly as the actual value e. Gains are emphasised over losses 2. According to Bayes Theorem, prior odds of.30/.70, together with new information suggesting.10/.90 odds, gives a likelihood ratio of a..30/.90 b..70/.10 c..03/.63  d..40/1.0 e..27/.07 3. Which of the following options correctly describes the availability heuristic? a. The likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of prior probabilities of the event b. The likelihood of an event is estimated from all relevant information that is available c. The likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of the typicality of the event d. The likelihood of an event is estimated from memory of the number of times that the event has occurred in the past e.The likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of the ease with which information can be retrieved from memory 4. According to prospect theory, I would prefer loss to loss, even though the loss is. a. a certain; an uncertain; certain; equivalent b. a certain; an uncertain; certain; larger c. an uncertain; a certain; uncertain; equivalent d. an uncertain; a certain; uncertain; larger 5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of take-the-best heuristics? a. They are adaptive b. They are usually accurate c. They draw on limited cognitive resources d. They involve rapid processing of relatively little information e. They rely on conjunction fallacy QUIZ 8 1. What is the dingle-dangley thing in the back of your throat called? a. the uvula b. the larynx c. the velum d. the soft palate e. the tongue root 2. The metrical segmentation strategy is: a. treating phonemes like letters to solve the word segmentation problem b. measuring the length of words in centimetres instead of inches c. using a metronome to locate word boundaries in a foreign language d. treating a strong syllable as a potential word onset e. using coarticulation to find word boundaries 3. In terms of transitional probability (TP), where are word boundaries likely to be located? a. When there is a drop in TP b. When the TP goes up c. When you see a pretty baby d. In artificial languages e. When the TP is 1 4. How does word length variation (e.g., a string of both two and three syllable words) affect the tracking of transitional probabilities? a. Infants in the lab fail to segment the language b. It is irrelevant in the real world c. Infants in the lab successfully segment the language d. a and b e. b and c 5. The idea that hearing a word at the start and the end of sentences (rather than the middle) help us to learn that word is known as: a. The utterance hypothesis b. The edge hypothesis c. The ends hypothesis d. The anchor hypothesis e. The utterance edge hypothesis QUIZ 9 1. If you were to write Yamaha using the Japanese hiragana writing system, how many symbols would you need to use? a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4 e. 6 2. A writing system where you can be confident about the pronunciation of a string of letters but less confident about how to spell a new word that you hear is ______________.  a. logographic b. feedforward consistent and feedback consistent c. feedforward inconsistent and feedback consistent d. feedforward consistent and feedback inconsistent e. feedforward inconsistent and feedback inconsistent 3. In what type of disorder would we expect to see problems reading unfamiliar words and nonwords? a. phonological dysgraphia b. surface dyslexia c. surface dysgraphia d. anomia e. phonological dyslexia 4. How many phonemes are there in the word "gnome"? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 5. According to the dual-route cascaded model of reading, a patient who could pronounce words with regular spelling-to-sound correspondences, but not irregular words, would be most likely to be reading via: a. Route 1 b. Route 2 c. Route 3 d. Routes 1 and 3 e. Routes 2 and 3 QUIZ 11 1. The most common form of dementia is: a. Frontotemporal b. Vascular c. Lewy Body d. Huntington's  e. Alzheimer's 2. The brain area associated with attentional deficits in schizophrenia is the _______. a. Occipital lobe b. Prefrontal cortex c. Cerebellum d. Parietal lobe e. Basal ganglia 3. Broca’s aphasia often affects _______. a. Language understanding b. Reading c. Movement d. Writing e. Speaking 4. The most prominent neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease is: a. Loss of the basal ganglia b. Loss of the cholinergic pathway to the neostriatum and globus pallidus c. Loss of the serotonergic pathway to the frontal lobe d. Loss of dopamine e. Loss of glutametric pathways in the prefrontal cortex 5. Drug-seeking behaviour interferes with normal functioning of _______. a. Serotonin b. Acetylcholine c. Histamine d. Dopamine e. GABA