Memory and Eyewitness Test Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Episodic and semantic memory are considered forms of which type of memory?

Self memory

Procedural memory

Perceptual memory

Declarative memory (correct)

An amnesic patient categorizing previously studied words as 'natural' or 'man-made' suggests intact:

Repetition suppression

Perceptual priming

Declarative memory

Conceptual priming (correct)

Chronic alcoholics with thiamine deficiency often develop which syndrome?

Alzheimer's disease

Korsakoff's syndrome (correct)

Parkinson's disease

Huntington's disease

Infantile amnesia may be attributed to which reason?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Phil, who can remember events prior to his illness but struggles to make new memories, has which type of amnesia?

Anterograde amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What type of judgment is made in a simultaneous lineup of suspects?

Relative judgment Signup and view all the answers

Life-script theory primarily helps to explain which aspect of memory?

The reminiscence bump Signup and view all the answers

Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study revealed that eyewitness memories can be influenced by:

Misleading information Signup and view all the answers

What is a basic definition of attention?

A limited resource that selects from external and internal input for finer processing Signup and view all the answers

In the retinotopic map, how is the upper visual field represented?

The most dorsal portion of the occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What did Muller et al. (2003) find regarding the region of attention and the yellow oval target?

As region of attention increases, time to detect the yellow oval target increases Signup and view all the answers

The zoom lens model of attention is an extension of which other model?

The spotlight model Signup and view all the answers

What does the experiment by Egly, Driver, & Rala (1994) suggest about the nature of attention?

Attention can be both object-based and location-based. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of fMRI studies measuring perception?

Predicting activation within the retinotopic map Signup and view all the answers

According to Pinker's (1997) definition of consciousness, what can be said about awareness?

Awareness is unique to the individual Signup and view all the answers

What supports the conclusion that target detection is faster for valid trials in the Egly, Driver, & Rala study?

Faster detection occurred when the cue was in the same object. Signup and view all the answers

In top-down (endogenous) attention, which system does it rely on?

Dorsal system; Ventral system Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the experience of insight relate to problem-solving?

It occurs after reaching a mental stalemate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dual task paradigm used by Reddy, Reddy, and Koch (2006)?

To evaluate attentional capacity in divided tasks Signup and view all the answers

Why is Sam's goal to become an international chess master by age 26 deemed unrealistic?

He is expected to require a decade of dedicated practice. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is NOT part of the sequential processing in four-term analogy problems?

divining Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about attention mentioned in the Egly, Driver, & Rala study?

Attention can only be focused on a single object. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of sound reasoning is evidenced in the realization of solutions to insight problems?

Unconscious processes can precede insight. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of finding a single letter during a search task?

It can cause cognitive overload easily. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the metrical segmentation strategy?

To identify syllable strength and potential word boundaries Signup and view all the answers

Where are word boundaries likely located in terms of transitional probability?

When there is a drop in TP Signup and view all the answers

How does variation in word length impact infants' ability to segment language?

It confuses infants, leading to unsuccessful segmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept that supports the idea that hearing a word at the start and end of sentences aids in learning?

The edge hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What would be the correct number of symbols to write 'Yamaha' in the Japanese hiragana system?

3 Signup and view all the answers

In a writing system, when you can confidently pronounce letters but struggle to spell them, it is termed as:

Feedforward consistent and feedback inconsistent Signup and view all the answers

In which type of disorder would reading unfamiliar words likely be a significant challenge?

Phonological dyslexia Signup and view all the answers

According to the dual-route cascaded model of reading, a patient who can pronounce words with regular spellings but struggles with irregular ones would be using which route?

Route 2 Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory do chess masters utilize to store detailed knowledge about chess positions?

Long term memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary solution method for solving the ‘Tower of Hanoi’ problem?

Using a robotic gripper Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects Prospect Theory's value function?

The subjective value of money does not increase steadily as actual value. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood ratio based on prior odds of 0.30/0.70 and new information of 0.10/0.90?

0.30/0.90 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the availability heuristic?

Estimation based on how easily information is recalled from memory. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is TRUE about the take-the-best heuristics?

They are generally adaptive and involve rapid processing. Signup and view all the answers

According to Prospect Theory, which preference is indicated for different types of losses?

Prefer a certain loss to an uncertain loss; uncertain is larger. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure at the back of your throat commonly referred to as the dingle-dangley thing?

The uvula Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory

Episodic and semantic memory are forms of declarative memory.
Declarative memory can be consciously recalled.
Semantic memory contains general facts and knowledge about the world.
Episodic memory is autobiographical, containing specific events.
Conceptual priming refers to faster reaction times to words that have been previously studied.
Korsakoff's Syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by chronic thiamine deficiency.
Patients with Korsakoff's Syndrome typically experience anterograde amnesia, meaning impaired ability to create new memories.
Retrograde amnesia is loss of memories from before a particular event.
Infantile amnesia refers to the inability of adults to recall memories from early childhood.
One reason for infantile amnesia is that the brain is still developing during infancy.

Eyewitness Memory

Simultaneous lineups present all suspects at the same time.
The relative judgment is used when suspects are presented simultaneously.
The reminiscence bump refers to enhanced memory for events occurring between late adolescence and early adulthood.
Misleading information can influence eyewitness memories.
Source monitoring determines the origin of memories.
Source monitoring is used to assess whether information was received internally or externally.
High threat objects can increase memory recall in an unusual context.

Attention

Attention is a limited resource used to select information for processing.
The retinotopic map is a representation of visual space in the brain where the dorsal portion of the occipital lobe represents the upper visual field.
The zoom lens model of attention suggests that attention can shift to broader or narrower regions of space.
The zoom lens model is an extension of the spotlight model of Visual Attention.
fMRI studies of perception can be used to predict activation in the retinotopic map.

Consciousness

Consciousness is the subjective experience of the world.
Top-down attention is goal-directed, while bottom-up attention is driven by stimuli in the environment.
The dual task paradigm is used to study the limits of attention.
Attention can be object-based, meaning that we can focus our attention on a specific object rather than just a location in space.

Problem Solving

The realization of the solution to an insight problem is preceded by an impasse.
Chess masters have detailed knowledge about chess positions stored in long-term memory.
The Tower of Hanoi problem is a classic example of a problem-solving task that requires planning and sequential search

Decision-Making

Prospect theory's value function shows that losses feel larger than gains.
Bayes Theorem is a mathematical formula used to update beliefs based on new information.
The availability heuristic is used to estimate the probability of an event based on the ease with which examples can be recalled from memory.
Take-the-best heuristics are a class of decision-making strategies that rely on limited information.
Take-the-best heuristics are typically fast and accurate.

Language Processing

The uvula is the dingle-dangley thing in the back of your throat.
The metrical segmentation strategy uses stressed syllables as potential word onsets.
Transitional probability (TP) refers to the likelihood of a sound following another sound.
Word boundaries are more likely to occur when there is a drop in TP.
The edge hypothesis suggests that words heard at the beginning and end of sentences are more likely to be learned.

Reading

The Japanese hiragana writing system uses symbols to represent syllables.
A writing system that is consistent in its spelling-to-sound correspondences is considered feedforward consistent.
Phonological dyslexia is a reading disorder characterized by difficulty reading unfamiliar words and nonwords.
There are five phonemes in the word "gnome".
The dual-route cascaded model of reading proposes two routes: one for decoding words based on their spelling-to-sound correspondences, and one for accessing words directly from memory

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the study of how people think, learn, and remember.
Cognitive psychologists use a variety of methods to study cognitive processes.
Cognitive psychology has applications to many different domains.
Cognitive psychology is a rapidly growing field.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of memory, including episodic and semantic memory, as well as various types of amnesia. Additionally, it delves into eyewitness memory and techniques used in identification processes. Test your understanding of these psychological principles and their implications.