Review Of Related Literature (RRL) Guide PDF

Review of Related Literature (RRL) - Examine again the concepts or ideas related to your research that people have published in the past. Foreign (International) RRL- Studies conducted outside the country. Local RRL- Studies conducted inside the researcher's country. Types of RRL System...

Review of Related Literature (RRL) - Examine again the concepts or ideas related to your research that people have published in the past. Foreign (International) RRL- Studies conducted outside the country. Local RRL- Studies conducted inside the researcher's country. Types of RRL Systematic Review of Literature \- aims to find as much as possible of the research relevant. \- uses explicit methods to identify what can be reliably said based on those studies. \- In short, we have to copy everything that has a connection to our research. Traditional ( The one HUMSS is going to do) \- provides an overview of the research findings on the topic. \- In systematic we copy all, in traditional we just take the overview of the study, particularly the conclusion at the end of the article or research paper. For HUMSS- Don't use articles/studies that doesn't have conclusion at the end- Sir Marvin Scoping - Project-Making about community development, government politics, and health services, among others. Critical - Focuses on theories and hypothesis and examines meaning and results of their application situation. Conceptual - National or World issues State of the Art - The latest Research on the subject Expert - Well known- expert to do the RRL. For example if your study has a variable of beauty standards then you need to find an expert at that subject. PURPOSES OF RRL 1\. To know more about the theories or concepts underlying your research and learn from them for your research study. 2\. To discover the relation of your research with previous research studies. 3\. It helps justify the need to study a problem. Parts of Research Statement of the Problem \- Introduces the problem \- clarity and specify the research problem Conceptual Framework 1\. This framework serves as the basis for the Research Paradigm and Objectives of the study. 2\. IPO Model 3\. Analytical tool Research Gap - Under or Unexplored area of the topic Scope - The coverage of your study. Delimitation - The things that are not included or excluded on your study. Recommendation - Suggestion or proposal about your study. CHARACTERISTICS OF Research Questions Significant- relevant or important, worth investigating Feasible- the amount if time, energy, money, respondents, and even your current situation as a student-researcher. Possible, like example sa business niyo na photo booth, kung wala kayon camera ( not phones ) then It will not be possible. Clear- Uniform Agreement Ethical- It does not inflict harm physically or psychologically. Classification of Variables Qualitative- Categorical Variables: Grouped base on the same characteristics. No measurements. Quantitative- Experimental: Manipulation - Non-Experimental: No manipulation Numerical - Discrete variables are those that take specific, countable values, such as the number of students in a class or the number of products sold in a day. They are distinct and cannot take fractional or decimal values. In contrast, continuous variables can take any value within a range and are often measured, such as height, weight, or time. (Whole Numbers Only). Experimental 1. Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled in an experiment to observe its effect on another variable. 2. Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured or observed to determine the impact of changes in the independent variable. 3. Extraneous Variable: Variables other than the independent variable that might influence the dependent variable, potentially affecting the results if not controlled. 4. Confounding Variable: An extraneous variable that is not controlled and influences both the independent and dependent variables, making it difficult to determine the true relationship between them. Kinds of Quantitative Research Design 1. Descriptive: A research method that focuses on observing, describing, and documenting aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs without manipulating variables. 2. Correlational: A study that examines the relationship between two or more variables to determine whether they are associated or correlated, without implying cause and effect relationship. 3. Ex-post facto: A research approach that investigates the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable retrospectively, without manipulating the independent variable. Examines the cause. 4. Quasi-Experimental: A study that examines cause-and-effect relationships but lacks random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups. 5. Experimental: A rigorous research design where variables are manipulated and participants are randomly assigned to groups to establish causal relationships. **Additonals**\* Parts of Research Sampling- Subset of the population Background of the Study- Provide context to the information discussed throughout the research process. Conceptual Framework- Analytical tool Research Hypothesis- States what the researcher expects to find, it is the tentative answer ti the research question that guides the entire study. Significance of the Study- how the study will contribute. Scope and Delimitation- Sets boundaries and parameter. Glossary of Research Terms- commonly used terms and concepts. Data Collection Procedure- gathering and measuring information on variables of interest. Research Methodology- Understanding ways to collect data. Instrument- the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device. Context-Analysis (Qualitative actually) - Technique used to make replicable and valid inferences by interpreting and coding textual materials. Case Study- constructive research that solves practical problems while producing academically appreciated and theoretical contribution. Population- the totality of all objects, elements, and persons. Target Population- Group of individuals that the intervention intends to conduct research in and draw conclusions. (key- the people we're going to use for our research). Accessible population- portion of the population to which the researcher has reasonable access. (example mga kaklase mo o kaya schoolmates, madali lng malapitan baga). Heuristic Approach- refers to the rule of thumb for sample size. Slovins Formula Approach- computation of an acceptable sample size from a population. Formula: N = required sample size N = total population size E = margin of error (expressed as a decimal, e.g., 0.05 for 5%) Steps to Use Slovin's Formula: 1\. Identify the total population (N). 2\. Determine the acceptable margin of error €. 3\. Substitute the values into the formula. 4\. Compute the sample size (n). 5\. Round up the result if necessary. Example Calculation: Suppose you have a population of 1,000 people and you want a margin of error of 5% (0.05). N = \\frac{1000}{1 + (1000 \\times 0.05\^2)} N = \\frac{1000}{1 + (1000 \\times 0.0025)} N = \\frac{1000}{1 + 2.5} N = \\frac{1000}{3.5} = 285.71 Since sample sizes must be (whole numbers), you round up to 286 respondents. Convenience Sampling- involves selecting participants based on their accessibility to the researcher. ( mga tao sa school Ganon, parang accessible population lang). Simple Random Sampling- participants have an equal and fair chance of being selected. (for example ng survey sa room niyo tas basta lang sila nagbigay walang specifics like member ng ganito ganyan, may grades na ganito). Snowball Sampling- basis of referrals from those participants. (halimbawa nag pasurvey sa isang room tapos yung participants niyo ang nag bigay ng mga tao na pwede mag take ng survey niyo). Types of Citations American Psychological Association ( APA ) (Author's last name, year, page, year) Ex.: 1\. (Carpio, 2022) 2\. (Carpio, pp. 22, 2022) 3\. Carpio stated that........ (2022) Modern Language Association ( MLA ) Ex.: 1\. (Page number)- (22) 2\. The author's name was used in a statement and doesn't use parenthesis. 3\. Could include this (N.D) -- No Date Chicago Ex.: 1. (Author's last name year, page) It's like APA pero wala siyang comma","before year after ng name ng author. Like (Carpio 2022, pp. 22) REVIEW WELL - Doni