Research Guide - Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion PDF

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION Q3 Research - study on investigation which is done systematically for the purpose of achieving knowledge. Significance of research - helps uncover the truth and expand knowledge. Research process involves the following steps: 1. Identify the problem. 2....

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION Q3 Research - study on investigation which is done systematically for the purpose of achieving knowledge. Significance of research - helps uncover the truth and expand knowledge. Research process involves the following steps: 1. Identify the problem. 2. Specify the research purpose, questions, and hypotheses. 3. Review the literature. 4. Collect data. 5. Analyze and interpret data. 6. Report and evaluate the research. Research topic - broad subject matter addressed in a study. Research problem - central idea or issue that serves as main reason why research is being undertaken. Examples of steps in formulating your research problem: 1. Focus on your track, strand or area of specialization. 2. Recall the specific area, lesson or issue in your respective field or strand that has piqued or aroused your interest the most. 3. Generate an unanswered question or an unresolved problem from your chosen area or lesson. 4. Assess the question or problem based on the five guidelines stated above. 5. Write your research problem. Timeliness and relevance - refers to the social applicability and appropriateness of the topic to the current situation. Hypotheses - statements or predictions that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence. Conceptual - is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people. Operational definition - definition that is based on how a term is used in a study. Variables - element of the Statement of the Problem (SOP) defines for example behavioral traits and productivity level. Logical - refers to reasoning that follows a consistent and sound structure and ensures clarity, coherence and consistency in drawing conclusions. Personal Resources - researcher's abilities, financial capacity, resources in terms of instruments, facilities and time frame. Purpose of research - Add to existing knowledge, improve practice, inform policies, solve problems. When developing a Conceptual Framework -- create a flow chart and write a narrative. Primary resources - are original materials or firsthand sources of information that were created during the time under study. Example: Historical documents, Artifacts, Research data, Newspaper articles, Photographs or videos, Legal or government documents. Secondary resources - are easily available and considered to be very evident since they are already published. Example: Books and articles, Biographies (written by someone else), Documentaries, Essays or reviews and Research papers, Journal Articles, Newspapers & Magazines, Government Publications, Reports from Research Institutes or Think Tanks, Online Databases and Encyclopedias & Dictionaries. APA style of referencing for an online periodical Example: Devitt, T. (2021,August 2). Lightning injuries for at music festival. The Why/Files. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from http://whyfiles.org./137lightning /index.html APA style of referencing for a book Example: Allen, T. (2004).*Vanishing Wildlife of America*. Washington,D.C.: National Geographic Society. I**n choosing good literature review**, **the reader sense how you will answer your research question and should highlight the preceding arguments and evidence you think are most helpful in moving the topic forward.** When writing related literature avoid problems that are best considered in argument, specifically opinions that have at least contribution in the field. 5 Basic criteria for evaluating literature 1. Accuracy -- information is reliable, error-free, based on proven facts. 2. Authority -- the author should have the qualifications to write the topic and affiliated with reputable university or organization in the subject field. 3. Objectivity -- intended purpose of the information, information is based on facts. 4. Currency -- information should be current or updated. 5. Coverage -- the information covered meet your information needs and provide basic or in-depth coverage. Citation is important in crafting your research because it ensures the ethical and academic honesty of someone's work. Research design - refers to the overall plan or blueprint for conducting a research study. It outlines how the research will be conducted, including the methods for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Example: Descriptive research - aimed at describing characteristics or behaviors of a population without manipulating variables. Correlational research - examines the relationship between two or more variables to determine if they are associated or linked in some way. Experimental research - involves manipulating one variable (independent variable) to observe its effect on another variable (dependent variable). Comparative - involves comparing two or more groups, variables, or phenomena to identify similarities and differences. Mixed methods - research combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a fuller picture of the research problem. Sample - is a subset or a part of a larger population. It is a smaller collection of units from a population. Probability sampling - members of the population have equal chance to be selected as subject in the research Example: Simple random sampling, stratified, cluster, systematic Non-probability sampling - based on researcher\'s choice, population that is accessible and available. Example: Purposive sampling, snowball, quota, convenience Data collection - helps the researcher to establish a factual basis and carrying forward the research work. Data Collection Procedure *-* a systematic process of gathering observations or measurements. Data-gathering instrument in research - The instrument uses a clear and standardized format for data collection. Survey - the most commonly used method in social sciences, management, marketing, and psychology to some extent. Surveys were conducted using paper-based methods and have gradually evolved into online mediums. It is a data-gathering procedure that makes you obtain facts or information about the subject or object of your research through the data-gathering instruments of interview and questionnaire. Questionnaires are list of questions either open-ended or close-ended for which the respondents give answers. Likert Scale - type of survey or questionnaire scale used to measure attitudes, opinions, perceptions, or behaviors. Interview - a face-to-face conversation with the respondent.