POLSCI 312 Notes PDF

POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! INTRODUCTION Unavoidable Legitimate authority to public administration...

POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! INTRODUCTION Unavoidable Legitimate authority to public administration Politics Size is unusually large Fields: Academic discipline and practice Stillman’s definition characteristics Approaches: Politics, management, & of Public Administration legal Context: Public sector 1. Executive branch (yet related with Note: Public ad is neutral the judicial and legislative) PubAd is not existed and only political 2. Formulation and implementation of science and economy public policies Police State & Police service state 3. Ranges of problems and involving human behavior and cooperative effort David Rosenbloom (2002) said, “Public 4. Different from private management Administration is the use of 5. Production of public goods and managerial, political, and legal theories services and processes to fulfill legislative, executive, and judicial mandates for the 6. Rooted in law and carries out laws provision of governmental regulatory and service functions.” Networks Governance Dwight Waldo described it as “the Public Management organization and management of men Development Administration and women, and materials to achieve Public Administration the purposes of government.” Political Science Gerald Caiden described it as Harold Stein said, “Public “activities of government to achieve its purposes and objectives (i.e. Administration is a field in which delivery of basic services).” every man is his own codifier and categorizer...” 1 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! Industrial (Industry) Public Administration refers - Machines (Efficiency / to public organizations Effectiveness - Mass supply for the demands Why do people refer to it as public Notes: management? USA - Capitalist/sm (Center of production) There are basic similarities USSR - Communism between private and public management. Information Communication Allison (1983) said they are alike Technology (ICT Modern) only in the most unimportant - Current revolution aspects - Streamline (short/corruption) Notes: Red tape: the ease of doing business. Public ad is the administration of public it’s purpose is to eliminate graft and service: corruption Effective The Anti-Red Tape Authority (ARTA) is Efficiency a Philippine government agency Transparency mandated to ensure ease of business among all agencies of the Philippine government. It was created through EVOLUTION Republic Act No. of public administration Public ad is the streamline of The revolution of the 18th government process. Century in Europe Notes: The emergence of United States 3 phases of Revolution of America (USA) Union of Soviet socialist republic Agricultural (Land) (USSR) and in Japan world - Uses their bare hands for affairs raw materials/survival 2 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! The two world wars that MEANING engaged almost all the of public administration “superpowers” of the 19th and 20th centuries Administer is a English word The cold wars between USA which is originated from the latin and USSR word “ad” and “ministrate” The Establishment of the World Notes: bank and international monetary funds to “assist” countries Administer is an english word, which devastated by the second world originated from the Latin word ‘ad’ and war ‘ministrate’ - serve To serve the people who’s in need of services Prof. Woodrow Wilson, the pioneer of the social science of Public Administration says in his book 'The study of Public Administration', published in 1887 "Public Administration is a detailed and Notes: systematic application of law." D-VUCA- D According to L. D. White consists of all those Administration 1. Diversity (Capitalism) operations having for their purpose the 2. Volatile (Unstable) fulfillment of public policy as declared 3. Uncertainty by authority." (Pandemic/Predictions) Notes: 4. Complexity (Long process) 5. Ambiguity (Haziness/Unclear SOP sol. to problems) - Standard Operating Procedures 6. Disruption (Problem of Dev.) - All Laws have SOP which serves as a guide for the People 3 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! - The guide for easier Marshall E. Dimock "Administration is understanding of LAW concerned with 'what' and 'How' of the government. Citizen’s Charter - For citizens to read for Notes: procedures / services - A document that the citizens What - subject of the matter may read, containing the How - solution of the matter services of and office Every solution should be lawful IRR - A detailed and systematic POSDCORB application of Law (IRR) READINGS Implementation of Rules and Regulations POSDCORB is an acronym for what Gulick and Urwick considered to be the To Willough: Administration in broadest main organizing responsibilities within a sense denotes "Public the work team or an organization. involved in the actual conduct of governmental affairs, and in narrowest 1. Planning senses denotes the operations of the 2. Organizing administrative branch only." 3. Staffing 4. Directing According to Gullick - "Public 5. Coordinating Administration is that part of the science 6. Reporting of administration which has to do with 7. Budgeting government and thus, concerns itself primarily with the executive branch Developed by Gulick and Urwick to where the work of the government is organize the responsibilities in done." Organization (1937) According to Waldo - "Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of the state." 4 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! 7 Elements of POSDCORB appraisals and their own objectives COORDINATING PLANNING - Direction. “Unity of command” - Objectives, Identifying, and - emphasizes that each team Achieving (Identify and establish member should take direction the work you need to do and from only one manager to avoid your team to achieve confusion ORGANIZING REPORTING - Structures, Subdivisions, - Regular Updates Arrangements, Coordination, - Provide them with news, results and Roles and general information in - Look at its structure, and at how formal reports and regular its subdivisions are arranged company updates, to boost their and coordinate the roles of morale, productivity and people in each team commitment BUDGETING STAFFING - Balance your expenses with - Appointing Roles your income by planning, - Train and develop your people, estimating and being disciplined and match their skills and with your finances expertise to the tasks that they're best suited to. Notes: DIRECTING National Expenditures Program (Process of budgeting) - Directions and Decisions - Arrange regular team meetings, - Project budget of Gov’t (GAAP) one-on-ones and performance that you can use for the whole year (sk, brgy) 5 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! - PAPS Program and Planning System (Agency - targeting of Definition and Terminology procurement) - PAPS will convert to PMMP 1. Procurement (Proj. Procurement Manage. 2. Goods and Services And Plan annual 3. Infrastructure Projects 4. Mixed Procurement Republic Act No. 9184 (RA 9184) RA 9184 Procurement - Refers to the acquisition of goods, consulting services, and RA 9184, also known as the the contracting for infrastructure Government Procurement Reform projects by procuring entities. Act, is a Philippine law that provides for the modernization, standardization, and Notes: The procuring entity is the regulation of the procurement activities agencies (the one who requests the of the government. It took effect on project) September 2, 2009, thirty days after its publication. Goods The key points about RA 9184 are: - All items, supplies, and materials - It applies to all procurement of any - Including general support branch, agency, department, bureau, services office, or instrumentality of the Philippine government Infrastructure Projects 1. National Government Agencies 2. State Universities and Colleges - Refer to construction, 3. Government Owned or improvement, demolition, Controlled Corporations rehabilitation, repair, restoration 4. Government Financial or maintenance of civil works Institutions components 5. Local Government Units 6 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! Consulting Services System (PhilGEPS) for the procurement of goods, infrastructure projects, and - Services for infrastructure consulting services projects and other types of projects or activities of the Gov’t - It provides guidelines for the eligibility requiring adequate external requirements, submission of bids, and technical and professional procurement methods to be followed by expertise that are beyond the government agencies capability and/or capacity of the Gov’t to undertake - It outlines the responsibilities of the Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) in conducting the procurement process Determination of type of procurement - It specifies the grounds for the disqualification and blacklisting of - It is the motivation or intention of bidders who violate the provisions of the the PE in pursuing the projects law that will determine the primary purpose of a project In summary, RA 9184 aims to ensure transparency, competitiveness, Principles in Gov’t Procurement streamlined procurement processes, and accountability in government 1. Transparency procurement 2. Competitiveness 3. Streamlined Procurement Classical Management Theory Process 4. System of Accountability 5. Public Monitoring What is Classical Public Administration? - It requires the establishment of the What: a foundational theory within the Government Procurement Policy Board field of public administration that (GPPB) to protect national interest in emerged in the early 20th century. public procurement Focus: It emphasizes structured organization, efficiency, and a clear - It mandates the use of the Philippine delineation of roles within government Government Electronic Procurement agencies. 7 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! Theory: Key figures include Max Weber Break each tasks into small (bureaucracy), Frederick Taylor steps (scientific management), and Henri Standardized each step Fayol (administrative science). Do all tasks the new "one-right way” MAX WEBER (BUREAUCRACY) FAYOL (SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT) Organizations should look like the government an extension of Henri Fayol, a stalwart of government and the legal administrative theory, contributed system significantly to shaping the classical Legal-rational approach theory of public administration. Fayol’s Not Traditional, Family-Based conceptual framework encapsulated Leadership five primary elements: Not Charisma - Based Leadership Planning: Setting objectives and devising action plans. TAYLOR (SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT) Organizing: Structuring and allocating resources. Commanding: Implementing Scientific approach action plans. Coordinating: Ensuring Applying science to work harmonious work patterns. Saw customized, self styled Controlling: Monitoring and work as a serious productivity adjusting activities to achieve problem desired results. Popularized Time and Motion Studies Wanted to find the right "one-way" to do every single tasks POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION Reduced the amount of time & the DICHOTOMY number of motions 8 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! Politics-administration dichotomy is a theory in public administration that Political Patronage argues for a clear separation between Administrative Neutrality political decision-making (politics) Appointments and the execution of those decisions by Weak Meritocracy in Civil bureaucratic agencies Service (administration) Influence of Political Dynasties Public Expectation of Immediate The idea is to keep administrative Political Response processes neutral and apolitical, Policy Implementation as a ensuring efficiency, objectivity, and Political Tool professionalism in public service. (Woodrow Wilson) Modern Management Public Administration Purpose of Dichotomy Modern management in public Efficiency in Government: Wilson saw administration reflects the evolving the separation as a way to ensure that theories and practices aimed at governments are run efficiently by improving efficiency, responsiveness, professional administrators, free from and accountability within the public the day-to-day interference in politics. sector. It integrates traditional bureaucratic structures with innovative Neutrality: The dichotomy suggests management techniques derived from that administrators should be neutral the private sector. and objective, focusing on technical expertise and rules to execute political Refers to contemporary techniques and decisions without being influenced by approaches aimed at enhancing personal or partisan beliefs. efficiency, accountability, and adaptability in public sector organizations. Key Elements of Modern The Challenges of Politics Management Administration Dichotomy in the Philippines 9 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! Strategic Planning: Setting long-term goals and aligning resources to meet Efficiency and Effectiveness: NPM public needs. emphasizes results through cost-cutting Performance Management: Tracking and performance-based evaluations, and evaluating the efficiency of public focusing on delivering value for money. services. Transparency and Accountability: Customer-Centric Approach: Citizens Ensuring that government operations are viewed as customers, with service are open to public scrutiny. improvements driven by their needs and satisfaction, aiming for greater New Public Management responsiveness and accountability. Performance Measurement: NPM What: (NPM) is an approach to public encourages the use of performance administration that emerged in the late indicators to assess service 20th century, primarily in response to effectiveness, fostering accountability perceived inefficiencies within traditional among public managers. bureaucratic systems. Focus: the application of private sector Development Public Administration management principles to enhance the efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness of public sector organizations. Historical Context and Factors in Development Administration: Market Orientation: NPM promotes a market-driven approach, encouraging 1. Post-World War II Decolonization: competition and consumer choice through quasi-markets where public and Many Asian and African nations gained private entities compete for contracts. independence but faced challenges like poverty, malnutrition, and political instability. Decentralization: Authority is decentralized from central government 2. International Assistance: Newly agencies to local units, allowing independent nations relied on decisions to better reflect local needs international and U.S. economic and and conditions. technical aid to address these issues, 10 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! utilizing colonial bureaucracies already Key Characteristics of Development in place. Administration: 3. The Rise of Development Goal-Oriented: Focused on Administration: achieving developmental goals like poverty reduction, Support from Wealthy Nations: education, and infrastructure. Countries like the Philippines sought Dynamic and Innovative: assistance from wealthier nations, Emphasizes adaptability and leading to instances of neocolonialism new approaches to meet through economic and cultural evolving societal needs. influence. Participatory Approach: Involves community input to Comparative Administration: Focused ensure that development aligns on improving governance in developing with citizens' needs. nations, this approach often led to Capacity Building: Strengthens involvement with organizations like the administrative systems through IMF and World Bank. training and institutional improvements. Philippine Context: Integrated Planning: Requires cross-sector coordination for - Under President Osmeña, the efficient implementation of Philippines joined the IMF and World development strategies. Bank, leading to heavy debt burdens that impacted social services. - Bell Trade Agreement: Granted the U.S. access to Philippine resources and favored U.S. imports with low tariffs. - President Roxas continued this New Public Administration trend, accepting U.S. funds in exchange for military base leases in the Philippines. New Public Administration (NPA) is a perspective in public administration that 11 POLSCI 312 Notes/Quanti & Quali /3rd year - INSTR. IAN MOSCARDO NOTES Written by: Glecy Shane C. Verdillo Padayon! emerged in the late 20th century. It R.P.A - it is across-national movement emphasizes a more collaborative and that has led to debates about the role of citizen-centric approach to public public managers and the relationship administration. between government and citizens. What are the goals of new public Ideas about Reinventing Public management? Administration Relevance 1. New Public Service Social equity 2. Hybrid Approach Values 3. Business model prescription Change 4. Collaboration Management-worker relation Reinventing public administration New Public Administration aims to involves concepts like the New Public enhance relevance by addressing real Service, which prioritizes serving societal needs, promote social equity citizens over controlling them; a Hybrid to ensure fair treatment and Approach that blends traditional public opportunities for all, uphold values like administration with modern transparency and ethical standards, management practices; Business drive change to adapt to evolving Model Prescription, where challenges, and improve government adopts private-sector management-worker relations for a efficiency strategies; and collaborative and motivated public Collaboration, focusing on sector. partnerships between public, private, and nonprofit sectors to address complex societal issues. Reinventing Government and Public Administration 12