Core 13 Personal Development Midterms PDF
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Uploaded by HaleSchorl7937
Ateneo de Iloilo
2024
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Summary
These are notes on personal development, covering various aspects of the self, including physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions. It also touches upon theories of human development, particularly focusing on psychosocial and psychosexual theories.
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CORE 13 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT | S.Y. 2024 | ATENEO DE ILOILO KNOWING ONESELF ACTORS THAT AFFECT ONE’S ATTITUDE F...
CORE 13 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT | S.Y. 2024 | ATENEO DE ILOILO KNOWING ONESELF ACTORS THAT AFFECT ONE’S ATTITUDE F SOCIAL FACTORS:Roles in a social DIMENSIONS OF THE SELF environment, social norm that tell you what to do ELF S and what not to do, your upbringing as a person - Self is generally defined as what an LEARNING:What you observe around you affect individual sees, perceives, and defines our attitude, observant conditioning oneself apart from others. OPERANT CONDITIONING:Operant conditioning HYSICAL DIMENSION P is a method of learning that occurs through - Revolves around the physical body of a rewards and punishments for behavior human being; its processes, functions, MODELLING:When someone particularly close mechanism, and chemistry - from the to us, a person we admire or adore, it is more cells as the smallest units, to the organ than likely we would be doing the same thing systems. they are doing SYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION P DIMENSIONS OF THE SELF - Refers to the individual as a set of ELF CONCEPT S characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, - It is our cognition to ourselves, what we cognitions, and emotions. think and know about our identity, PIRITUAL DIMENSION S personality, and individuality. - It allows us to view ourselves on a - Three components of self-concept: ideal spirituallevel–asspiritualbeings.Itholds self, public self, and real self. a relevance to a perceived existence of ELF ESTEEM S God, of greater good, or Superior Being. - Self-esteem is more focused on our ATTITUDES AND ITS COMPONENTS attitude towards ourselves. ATTITUDE - It is how we value ourselves, given the - R efers to the settled way ofthinkingand negative and positive feedback we feeling about someone or something, receive. typically reflecting in a person’s behavior. - Sources of self-esteem: internal factors THREE COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES and external factors. AFFECTis the term used to represent emotions directed to oneself, the environment, and to others. COGNITIONis the term used to represent emotions directed to oneself, the environment, and to others. BEHAVIORis the action form or manifestation of attitude. Without attitude, affect and cognition, behavior will be rendered baseless and ungrounded. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT | S.Y. 2024 | ATENEO DE ILOILO THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY RIK ERICKSON E IGMUND FREUD S - Born in 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany, - Freud(1856-1939)isknownasthefather Erikson was a prominent psychoanalyst. of psychoanalysis, focusing on the - His career shifted from art to unconscious mind. psychoanalysisafterstudyingunderAnna - He proposed that childhood experiences Freud. significantly shape adult personality and - He developedthepsychosocialstagesof behavior. development, emphasizing the impact of KEY CONCEPTS OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEV. social experiences across the lifespan. - Freud's theory includes five stages: oral, STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT anal, phallic, latency, and genital, each Trust vs Mistrust (Birth - 18 months): associated with specific conflicts and Development of trust when caregivers are outcomes. reliable; mistrust leads to insecurity. Oral Stage (Birth-1 year) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (18 Focus on the mouth; pleasure derived months - 3 years):Encouragement from oral activities such as sucking and fosters confidence; over-control leads to biting. Fixation can lead to pessimism or shame and doubt. gullibility in adulthood based on feeding Initiative vs Guilt (3 - 6 years):Support experiences. for initiative leads to a sense of purpose; Anal Stage (1-3 years) discouragement results in guilt. Focus shifts to the anus; pleasure from Industry vs Inferiority (6 - 12 years): defecation. Harsh potty training can lead Encouragement leads to competence; to anal-retentive traits (tidy, stubborn), negative feedback results in feelings of while lenient training can result in inferiority. anal-expulsive traits (messy, generous). Identity vs Role Confusion (12 - 18 Phallic Stage (3-6 years) years):Exploration leads to a strong Focus on genitals; children experience the identity; restriction causes confusion. Oedipus and Electra complexes, leading Intimacy vs Isolation (19 - 40 years): to identification with same-sex parents Successful relationships foster intimacy; and development of gender identity. failure leads to isolation. Oedipus Complex- Male attraction Generativity vs Stagnation (40 - 65 toward mother. years):Contribution to society leads to Castration anxiety- The boy fears his generativity; lack of productivity results in father will take away his most loved things stagnation. if he tells him about this. Ego Integrity vs Despair (65 - death):A Electra Complex- female attraction fulfilling life leads to integrity; regrets lead toward father. to despair. Penis envy- The girl desires her father, yet recognizes that she lacks a penis. Latency Stage (6 years-puberty) Sexual impulses are dormant; social skills and relationships develop. Failure to connect socially can lead to feelings of inadequacy in adulthood. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT | S.Y. 2024 | ATENEO DE ILOILO Genital Stage (Puberty-adulthood) Re-emergence of sexual interests directed towards peers, leading to mature sexual relationships and emotional intimacy. PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT KOHLBERGS’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT MORAL DEVELOPMENT JEAN PIAGET LAWRENCE KOHLBERG - SwissPsychologistexplainedcognitive A - M orality, for Kohlberg, is the individual’s developmentthroughhisStageTheoryof capacitytoknowwhatisright/wrongand Intellectual Development. apply this in personal and social THEORY OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT situations. Formal operational(12 - years-adult): Level 1 (Preconventional Morality) The child can think logically about Morality is shaped externally - based on concrete objects and can thus add and the standards of adults and the subtract. The child also understands consequence of obeying/disobeying conservation. Stage 1:-Obedience and Punishment Concrete operational (7 - 12 years): Orientation- Children avoid punishment The child uses symbols (words and by being in good order. images) to represent objects but does not Stage 2:Individualism and Exchange- reason logically. The child also has the children realize that different persons have ability to pretend. During this stage, the different beliefs or viewpoints regarding a child is egocentric. deed. Preoperational (2 - 6 years): Level 2 (Conventional Morality) The infant explores the world through Individuals begin to internalize the learned direct sensory and motor contact. Object moral standards they have with their permanence and separation anxiety valued adult role models. develop during this Stage 3:-Good Interpersonal Sensorimotor (0 - 2 years): Relationships- the growing individual is good based on the approval of others in his/her group. Stage 4:Maintaining Social Order- After learning about social rules, people judge rule compliance to uphold the law and avoid guilt. Level 3 (Postconventional Morality) An individual's basis of his/her morality rests on self-chosen principles. Stage 5:Social Contract and Individual Rights- The person realizes that while society's laws and rules are for the majority, they may conflict with minority groups' preferences. Stage 6:Universal Principles- People have created universal moral principles like human rights, justice, and equality.
