Psychology of Self and Attitudes
49 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What psychological consequence can arise from failure to connect socially during adulthood?

  • Increased emotional stability
  • Improved self-esteem
  • Feelings of inadequacy (correct)
  • Mature relationships

    • What is the primary focus of the genital stage in psychological development?

  • Avoiding punishment
  • Developing concrete operational skills
  • Understanding conservation
  • Re-emergence of sexual interests (correct)

    • At what age does Piaget's formal operational stage occur?

  • 12 years to adulthood (correct)
  • 7 to 12 years
  • 2 to 7 years
  • Birth to 2 years

    • Which level of Kohlberg's moral development theory focuses on avoiding punishment?

    <p>Level 1: Preconventional Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive ability develops during the concrete operational stage?

    <p>Ability to think logically about concrete objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the formal operational stage according to Piaget?

    <p>Understanding abstract concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Kohlberg's moral development, what does the individualism and exchange stage emphasize?

    <p>Understanding mutual benefit in actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive development stage follows the concrete operational stage?

    <p>Formal operational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?

    <p>The stages of personality development through social experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs between birth and 18 months?

    <p>Trust vs Mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is likely if an infant develops mistrust during the first 18 months?

    <p>Feelings of insecurity and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory?

    <p>Trust Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Freud's oral stage of development?

    <p>Pleasure derived from oral activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does Erikson suggest a child develops confidence through encouragement?

    <p>Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Freud believe significantly shapes adult personality and behavior?

    <p>Childhood experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Erikson's psychosocial stages differ from Freud's psychosexual stages?

    <p>Erikson includes social experiences, while Freud centers on the unconscious mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of successful experiences during the Initiative vs Guilt stage?

    <p>A sense of purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can harsh potty training in the Anal Stage lead to?

    <p>Anal-retentive traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of negative feedback during the Industry vs Inferiority stage?

    <p>Feelings of inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological conflict does the Oedipus Complex relate to?

    <p>Male attraction toward the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage focuses on the development of gender identity through the Oedipus and Electra complexes?

    <p>Phallic Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Ego Integrity vs Despair stage, what leads to feelings of despair?

    <p>Regrets about life choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encouraged during the Intimacy vs Isolation stage to foster successful relationships?

    <p>Support and encouragement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome can result from the absence of productivity during the Generativity vs Stagnation stage?

    <p>Feelings of stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Latency Stage of development?

    <p>Development of social relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does successful encouragement lead to during the Identity vs Role Confusion stage?

    <p>Strong identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage do children begin to develop object permanence and experience separation anxiety?

    <p>Sensorimotor (0 - 2 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage involves individuals judging rule compliance to uphold the law and avoid guilt?

    <p>Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of morality is characterized by the individual's basis resting on self-chosen principles?

    <p>Level 3: Postconventional Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of morality in Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships?

    <p>Approval of others in one's group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What realization occurs during Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights?

    <p>Societal rules serve the majority but may conflict with individual needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines the egocentric nature of a child in the preoperational stage?

    <p>Focus on personal beliefs and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage do individuals begin to internalize moral standards from valued adult role models?

    <p>Conventional Morality Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of morality is characterized by the creation of universal principles like justice and equality?

    <p>Level 3: Postconventional Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the sensorimotor stage that aids in cognitive development?

    <p>Exploring the world through sensory experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the moral understanding at Level 2 (Conventional Morality)?

    <p>Morality is driven by adherence to rules and the approval of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the psychological dimension of the self refer to?

    <p>Set of characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, cognitions, and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of learning uses rewards and punishments for behavior?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-esteem focus on?

    <p>Our attitude towards ourselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of attitude represents the emotional aspect towards oneself and the environment?

    <p>Affect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a dimension of the self?

    <p>Social dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the observation and imitation of behaviors from someone admired?

    <p>Modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of attitude?

    <p>Affect, cognition, and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence one's attitude according to the content?

    <p>Biological evolution of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension allows for viewing oneself as a spiritual being?

    <p>Spiritual dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is operant conditioning different from observational learning?

    <p>Operant conditioning does not involve social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines self as stated in the content?

    <p>An individual's perceptions and definitions of themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts attitudes according to the concept of modeling?

    <p>The behavior of admired individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is one of the components of self-concept mentioned in the content?

    <p>Ideal self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dimensions of the Self

    • Self is defined as how an individual perceives themselves apart from others.
    • Physical dimension encompasses the human body's physical processes, functions, and chemistry.
    • Psychological dimension includes characteristics, behaviors, cognitions, and emotions.
    • Spiritual dimension involves viewing oneself as a spiritual being, related to a perceived higher power.

    Attitudes and Components

    • Attitude is a settled way of thinking and feeling about someone or something, often reflected in behavior.
    • Affect represents emotions directed towards oneself, the environment, and others.
    • Cognition refers to emotions and thoughts related to oneself, the environment, and others.
    • Behavior is the action or manifestation of an attitude. Without affect, cognition, or an attitude, behavior is baseless.

    Factors Affecting Attitude

    • Social factors include social norms, upbringing, and social roles.
    • Learning involves observational conditioning and operant conditioning (learning through rewards and punishments).
    • Modeling is when people adopt the behaviors of those they admire or are close to.

    Self-Concept

    • Self-concept is an individual's cognition about themselves, including identity, personality, and individuality.
    • Components of self-concept are ideal self, public self, and real self.

    Self-Esteem

    • Self-esteem focuses on the attitude toward oneself and how one values oneself.
    • Self-esteem is influenced by internal factors (e.g., self-worth) and external factors (e.g., feedback received).

    Theories of Human Development

    • Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory*:
    • Erikson emphasized the impact of social experiences throughout life.
    • Stages include Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Ego Integrity vs. Despair.
    • Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Theory*:
    • Freud's theory focused on the unconscious mind.
    • Stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital stages.
    • Experiences during childhood greatly impact adult personality and behavior.
    • Jean Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory*:
    • Piaget's theory explains cognitive development through stages.
    • Stages include Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, and Formal operational.
    • Development occurs through interactions with the environment and object permanence.
    • Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development*:
    • Kohlberg's theory explores moral development.
    • Levels include Preconventional (obedience and punishment, individualism and exchange), Conventional (interpersonal relationships, maintaining social order) and Postconventional (social contract and individual rights, universal principles).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Core 13 Personal Development Midterms PDF

    Description

    Explore the dimensions of self, including physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects. Understand how attitudes are formed through emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and discover the social factors that influence them. This quiz delves into the intricate connections between self-perception and attitude formation.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser