Nursing Care of a Family with a Preschool Child PDF

NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WITH A COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT PRESCHOOL CHILD Preoperational  Intuitive thought Preschool Age Group (3-5 years) Conservation Errors:...

NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY WITH A COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT PRESCHOOL CHILD Preoperational  Intuitive thought Preschool Age Group (3-5 years) Conservation Errors: Conservation refers to the ability to recognize that moving or rearranging matter does not change the quantity. PHYSICAL GROWTH  Pulse rate decreases 85 beats/min  Respiratory rate, 20 to 25 breaths/min EGOCENTRISM refers to the child’s inability to  Blood pressure 100/60 mmHg see a situation from another person’s point of  Levels of immune globulin (Ig) G and IgA view. antibodies increase. Height and Weight:  Average growth is 6-8 cm and 2 kg per year during early childhood  Girls are only slightly smaller and lighter than boys  Trunks and legs lengthen; heads become more proportional  Overall decline in body fat during preschool years  Future body type ectomorphic (slim body build) or endomorphic (large body build) becomes apparent. o Knock-knees (Genu valgus). SAMAR, JASMIN CARYLE O. | BSN 2E SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION - The early INITIATIVE VS. GUILT preoperational period (ages 2-3) is marked by a  During the preschool years, children begin dramatic increase in children’s use of the to assert their power and control over the symbolic function. world through directing play and other social interaction.  Children who are successful at this stage COGNITIVE CHANGES feel capable and able to lead others.  Imitation: Preschoolers imitate the roles of  Those who fail to acquire these skills are the people around them. left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt and  Role playing should be fun and does not lack of initiative. have to be accurate. MORAL DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT PRECONVETIONAL PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 years)  Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment  The phallic stage is the third stage of Orientation (2-3 years old) psychosexual development, spanning the The child/individual is good in ages of three to six years, wherein the order to avoid being punished. If a person infant's libido (desire) centers upon their is punished, they must have done wrong. genitalia as the erogenous zone.  Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange (4-7  The child becomes aware of anatomical years old) sex differences, which sets in motion the At this stage, children recognize conflict between erotic attraction, that there is not just one right view that is resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear handed down by the authorities. which Freud called the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in COMMON FEARS OF PRESCHOOLER girls).  This is resolved through the process of 1. Fear of the dark identification, which involves the child 2. Fear of mutilation adopting the characteristics of the same 3. Fear of separation or abandonment sex parent.  During the phallic stage what the boy loves BEHAVIOR VARIATIONS most is his penis. Hence the boy develops castration anxiety. 1. Telling tall tales - stretching stories to  Fixation at the phallic stage develops a make them seem more interesting is a phallic character, who is reckless, resolute, phenomenon frequently encountered. self-assured, and narcissistic-- excessively 2. Imaginary friends - are a normal, creative vain and proud. part of the preschool years  The failure to resolve the conflict can also 3. Difficulty sharing cause a person to be afraid or incapable of 4. Regression close love; Freud also postulated that 5. Sibling rivalry fixation could be a root cause of homosexuality. SAMAR, JASMIN CARYLE O. | BSN 2E