growth parameters in children-development for year 1 2024-2025.pdf

Growth and Development of Children By: Dr. Rabah Ali Almahmoud, MBBS, FRCPC OBJECTIVES Apgar Score Growth parameters Growth chart Developmental milestones of normal baby in terms of gross motor/fine motor/ language and social development Red flags in c...

Growth and Development of Children By: Dr. Rabah Ali Almahmoud, MBBS, FRCPC OBJECTIVES Apgar Score Growth parameters Growth chart Developmental milestones of normal baby in terms of gross motor/fine motor/ language and social development Red flags in child growth and development APGAR SCORE Stages of Growth and Development Infancy Middle Childhood Neonate School age Birth to 1 month 6 to 12 years Infancy 1 month to 1 year Late Childhood Early Childhood Adolescent Toddler 13 years to 1-3 years approximately 18 Preschool years 3-6 years Growth Parameters - weight - Length - Head circumference (2yrs)/ Occiptofronal circumference (OFC) - Body mass index (BMI)= weight/height2 Red Flags in Growth parameters < 3-5centil ( 95centile (> S.D from mean) Has clinical significance Red flags OFC>95%- hydrocephalus OFC 50 words, 75% understood by strangers 30-36 months: almost all speech understood by strangers Red Flags in infant development Unable to sit alone by age 9 months Unable to transfer objects from hand to hand by age 1 year Abnormal pincer grip or grasp by age 15 months Unable to walk alone by 18 months Failure to speak two word sentence by 2 years. Fine Motor - toddler 1 year old: transfer objects from hand to hand 2 year old: can hold a crayon and color vertical strokes Turn the page of a book Build a tower of six blocks Fine Motor – Older Toddler 3 year old: Stacks 8 blocks, uses spoon well, puts on T shirt 4 year old: copies circle use scissors, color within the borders 5 year old: copies a square ,write some letters and draw a person with body parts Toddler Toddler Safety becomes a problem as the toddler becomes more mobile. Pilliterri, Lippincott Fine motor and cognitive abilities Buttoning clothing Holding a crayon / pencil Building with small blocks Using scissors Have child draw picture of himself Pre-school tasks Red flags: preschool Inability to perform self-care tasks, hand washing simple dressing, daytime toileting Lack of socialization Unable to play with other children School Years: fine motor Writing skills improve Fine motor is refined Fine motor with more focus Building: models – legos Sewing Musical instrument Painting Typing skills Technology: computers Red flags: school age School failure Lack of friends Social isolation Aggressive behavior: fights, fire setting, animal abuse School Age: gross motor 8 to 10 years: team sports Age ten: match sport to the physical and emotional development School Age School Age: cognitive Greater ability to concentrate and participate in self-initiating activities that challenge cognitive skills, such as reading, playing computer and board games. 13 to 18 Year Old Adolescent behavioral problems Anorexia Nervosa & Bulemia Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders Anger issues Suicide For Further information Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics- 8th edition: Developmental milestones (Table 8-1) Failure to thrive – Section 5 Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics