Preschool Child Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the phallic stage in psychosexual development?

Oral fixation on feeding

Development of trust through caregivers

Libido centered on genitalia (correct)

Sexual attraction towards the opposite parent

Which complex is associated with boys during the phallic stage?

Freudian complex

Phallic complex

Electra complex

Oedipus complex (correct)

What leads to the development of a phallic character according to Freud?

Failure to resolve the conflict during the phallic stage (correct)

Successful resolution of the Oedipus complex

A strong bond with the opposite-sex parent

Repression of sexual urges

What fear is commonly experienced by preschoolers during the phallic stage?

Fear of the dark Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is NOT a common variation observed in preschoolers?

Aggression towards peers Signup and view all the answers

What psychological effect does fixation at the phallic stage potentially have on an individual?

Increased likelihood of narcissism Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the Individualism and Exchange stage occur according to the moral development theory?

4-7 years old Signup and view all the answers

What does castration anxiety refer to in boys during the phallic stage?

Fear of losing their genitalia Signup and view all the answers

What is the average height growth for preschool children per year?

6-8 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes egocentrism in preschool children?

Children struggle to understand others' viewpoints. Signup and view all the answers

At what pulse rate does physical growth stabilize for preschoolers?

85 beats/min Signup and view all the answers

What physical characteristic becomes more proportional as children develop during preschool years?

Head size relative to body Signup and view all the answers

What happens to body fat during the preschool years?

There is an overall decline in body fat. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial conflict describes the struggle children face between sense of initiative and guilt?

Initiative vs. Guilt Signup and view all the answers

Symbolic representation during the early preoperational period involves what primary action by children?

Imitating roles around them Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome for children who fail to acquire initiative during preschool years?

They often feel guilt and self-doubt. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Preschool Child Development

Physical Growth:
- Pulse rate decreases to about 85 beats per minute.
- Respiratory rate is 20-25 breaths per minute.
- Blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg.
- Levels of IgG and IgA antibodies increase.
- Average growth is 6-8 cm and 2 kg per year.
- Girls are slightly smaller and lighter than boys initially.
- Body proportions change (trunk/legs lengthen, head size proportionally decreases).
- Body fat decreases during preschool years.
- Body type (ectomorphic or endomorphic) becomes apparent.
- Knock-knees (genu valgus) may be present.

Cognitive Development

Preoperational Stage → Intuitive Thought:
- Conservation: Children do not understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in form or arrangement.
- Egocentrism: Inability to see a situation from another's perspective.
- Symbolic Function: Capacity to use symbols (words, images, gestures) to represent objects and ideas.
- Symbolic skills show in imaginative play, and fantasy.
Examples of Preoperational Errors: (These children might struggle to answer questions about conservation, e.g., which row has more mice?)

Psychosocial Development

Phallic Stage (ages 3-6):
- Libido centered on genitalia.
- Oedipus complex (boys) and Electra complex (girls) occur.
- Resolution through identification with same-sex parent.
- Fixation at this stage can lead to specific personality traits (e.g., recklessness, self-assuredness).

Moral Development

Preconventional Stage (ages 2-7):
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment - Actions are good/bad based on punishments or rewards.
- Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange - Actions are good when benefiting oneself.

Other Important Points

Initiative vs. Guilt: Preschoolers begin to assert their power and control. Success leads to feelings of competence, failure leads to guilt and self-doubt.
Symbolic Representation: Use of symbols increases dramatically in early preoperational period (ages 2-3).
Cognitive Changes: Imitation, role-playing are significant aspects of development at this age, where play is not expected to be "accurate."
Behavioral Variations: Telling tall tales, imaginary friends, difficulty sharing, regression, and sibling rivalry are common.
Common Preschooler Fears: Dark, mutilation, separation, or abandonment frequently appear.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the physical and cognitive development of preschool children. This quiz covers key aspects such as growth rates, changes in body proportions, as well as cognitive milestones like egocentrism and conservation. Perfect for educators and parents alike.