Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the phallic stage in psychosexual development?
What is the primary focus of the phallic stage in psychosexual development?
- Oral fixation on feeding
- Development of trust through caregivers
- Libido centered on genitalia (correct)
- Sexual attraction towards the opposite parent
Which complex is associated with boys during the phallic stage?
Which complex is associated with boys during the phallic stage?
- Freudian complex
- Phallic complex
- Electra complex
- Oedipus complex (correct)
What leads to the development of a phallic character according to Freud?
What leads to the development of a phallic character according to Freud?
- Failure to resolve the conflict during the phallic stage (correct)
- Successful resolution of the Oedipus complex
- A strong bond with the opposite-sex parent
- Repression of sexual urges
What fear is commonly experienced by preschoolers during the phallic stage?
What fear is commonly experienced by preschoolers during the phallic stage?
Which behavior is NOT a common variation observed in preschoolers?
Which behavior is NOT a common variation observed in preschoolers?
What psychological effect does fixation at the phallic stage potentially have on an individual?
What psychological effect does fixation at the phallic stage potentially have on an individual?
At what age does the Individualism and Exchange stage occur according to the moral development theory?
At what age does the Individualism and Exchange stage occur according to the moral development theory?
What does castration anxiety refer to in boys during the phallic stage?
What does castration anxiety refer to in boys during the phallic stage?
What is the average height growth for preschool children per year?
What is the average height growth for preschool children per year?
Which statement correctly describes egocentrism in preschool children?
Which statement correctly describes egocentrism in preschool children?
At what pulse rate does physical growth stabilize for preschoolers?
At what pulse rate does physical growth stabilize for preschoolers?
What physical characteristic becomes more proportional as children develop during preschool years?
What physical characteristic becomes more proportional as children develop during preschool years?
What happens to body fat during the preschool years?
What happens to body fat during the preschool years?
Which psychosocial conflict describes the struggle children face between sense of initiative and guilt?
Which psychosocial conflict describes the struggle children face between sense of initiative and guilt?
Symbolic representation during the early preoperational period involves what primary action by children?
Symbolic representation during the early preoperational period involves what primary action by children?
What is a common outcome for children who fail to acquire initiative during preschool years?
What is a common outcome for children who fail to acquire initiative during preschool years?
Flashcards
Conservation
Conservation
The ability to understand that changing the appearance of something doesn't change its amount.
Egocentrism
Egocentrism
A child's inability to see a situation from another person's perspective.
Initiative vs Guilt
Initiative vs Guilt
Children start to assert themselves and try to control their surroundings through play and interactions.
Imitation
Imitation
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Symbolic Representation
Symbolic Representation
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Intuitive Thought
Intuitive Thought
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Preoperational
Preoperational
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Physical Growth in Preschool
Physical Growth in Preschool
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Phallic Stage
Phallic Stage
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Castration Anxiety
Castration Anxiety
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Oedipus Complex
Oedipus Complex
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Electra Complex
Electra Complex
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Identification
Identification
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Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Obedience and Punishment Orientation
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Individualism and Exchange Orientation
Individualism and Exchange Orientation
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Fear of Separation or Abandonment
Fear of Separation or Abandonment
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Study Notes
Preschool Child Development
- Physical Growth:
- Pulse rate decreases to about 85 beats per minute.
- Respiratory rate is 20-25 breaths per minute.
- Blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg.
- Levels of IgG and IgA antibodies increase.
- Average growth is 6-8 cm and 2 kg per year.
- Girls are slightly smaller and lighter than boys initially.
- Body proportions change (trunk/legs lengthen, head size proportionally decreases).
- Body fat decreases during preschool years.
- Body type (ectomorphic or endomorphic) becomes apparent.
- Knock-knees (genu valgus) may be present.
Cognitive Development
- Preoperational Stage → Intuitive Thought:
- Conservation: Children do not understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in form or arrangement.
- Egocentrism: Inability to see a situation from another's perspective.
- Symbolic Function: Capacity to use symbols (words, images, gestures) to represent objects and ideas.
- Symbolic skills show in imaginative play, and fantasy.
- Examples of Preoperational Errors: (These children might struggle to answer questions about conservation, e.g., which row has more mice?)
Psychosocial Development
- Phallic Stage (ages 3-6):
- Libido centered on genitalia.
- Oedipus complex (boys) and Electra complex (girls) occur.
- Resolution through identification with same-sex parent.
- Fixation at this stage can lead to specific personality traits (e.g., recklessness, self-assuredness).
Moral Development
- Preconventional Stage (ages 2-7):
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment - Actions are good/bad based on punishments or rewards.
- Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange - Actions are good when benefiting oneself.
Other Important Points
- Initiative vs. Guilt: Preschoolers begin to assert their power and control. Success leads to feelings of competence, failure leads to guilt and self-doubt.
- Symbolic Representation: Use of symbols increases dramatically in early preoperational period (ages 2-3).
- Cognitive Changes: Imitation, role-playing are significant aspects of development at this age, where play is not expected to be "accurate."
- Behavioral Variations: Telling tall tales, imaginary friends, difficulty sharing, regression, and sibling rivalry are common.
- Common Preschooler Fears: Dark, mutilation, separation, or abandonment frequently appear.
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