NET102-WEEK2-08212023.pptx

WEEK 2 THE ROLE OF TCP/IP IN INTERNET LAYER NET102 – NETWORKING 2 1ST SEMESTER  WEEK 2 ∙ Understand on how TCP/IP works in LAYERS. ∙ Familiarized the commands used for routing. ∙ Differentiate types and classes of IP addresses ∙ Identity the TCP/IP tools for Windows PC’s...

WEEK 2 THE ROLE OF TCP/IP IN INTERNET LAYER NET102 – NETWORKING 2 1ST SEMESTER  WEEK 2 ∙ Understand on how TCP/IP works in LAYERS. ∙ Familiarized the commands used for routing. ∙ Differentiate types and classes of IP addresses ∙ Identity the TCP/IP tools for Windows PC’s 2  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Internet Layer The corresponding layer in the OSI Reference Model is the network layer. IP protocols at the Internet layer include: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) Internet Control Management Protocol NET102 (ICMP), NETWORKING 102 3  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Internet Protocol (IP) IP provides a connectionless, unreliable delivery to other devices at layer 3. It treats packets individually. If reliability and flow control are required, TCP, at the transport layer, can provide this function. 4 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 IP protocol function: Connectionless data delivery: best effort delivery with no data recovery capabilities Hierarchical logical addressing to provide for highly scalable internetworks. Datagram It is just another word for packet, shows the components of the IP datagram. 5 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 IP Datagram components 6 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Types of IP Addresses 7 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Classes of addresses two components: Network component - Defines on what segment, in the network, a device is located Host component - Defines the specific device on a particular network segment 8 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Classes of addresses Five classes: Class A addresses range from 1 to 126: 0 is reserved and represents all IP addresses; 127 is a reserved address and is used for testing, such as a loopback on an interface. Class B addresses range from 128 to 191: binary 10000000-10111111. Class C addresses range from 192 to 223: binary 11000000-11011111. Class D addresses range from 224 to 239: binary 11100000-11101111. NET102 Class E NETWORKING addresses 102 range from 240 to 254: 255 is a 9  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Public and Private Addresses Public addresses are Class A, B, and C addresses that can be used to access devices in other public networks, such as the Internet. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is ultimately responsible for handing out and managing public addresses. Within this range of addresses for Class A, B, and C addresses are some reserved addresses, commonly called private addresses. 10 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Public and Private Addresses Five upstream address registries: American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) Reseaux IP Europeans Network Coordination Center (RIPE NCC) Asia Pacific Registry for Internet Numbers (APNIC) Latin American and Caribbean Internet Address Registry (LACNIC) African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC) 11 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Public and Private Addresses Private addresses that are assigned in RFC 1918: Class A: 10.0.0.0–10.255.255.255 (1 Class A network) Class B: 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 (16 Class B networks) Class C: 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.255 (256 Class C networks) NOTE: Remember the list of private networks, which must be translated when accessing public networks: 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0–172.31.0.0, and 192.168.0.0–192.168.255.0 12 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 DNS DNS is used to resolve names to IP addresses. DNS is a TCP/IP application that other applications such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications, telnet, web browsers, and e-mail use to resolve the names a user enters to real IP addresses. 13 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Internet Protocols DHCP allows devices to acquire their addressing information dynamically. Originally defined in RFC 2131 and updated in 2939, DHCP is actually based on the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP). 2 components: Server Delivering host configuration information Client Requesting and acquiring host configuration information 14 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Internet Protocols DHCP provides the following advantages: It reduces the amount of configuration on devices. It reduces the likelihood of configuration errors on devices acquiring address information. It gives you more administrative control by centralizing IP addressing information and management. 15 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 DHCP Address Allocation Types 16 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Address Resolution Protocol It is a protocol or procedure that connects an ever- changing Internet Protocol (IP) address to a fixed physical machine address, also known as a media access control (MAC) address, in a local-area network (LAN). 17 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Single-Segment ARP Example In the ARP datagram, the source IP address is 10.1.1.1 and the destination is 255.255.255.255 (the local broadcast represents every device on the Ethernet segment). 18 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Two-Segment ARP Example 19 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Proxy ARP Example However, PC-A still assumes that PC-C is on the local segment. To solve this reachability problem, two things need to occur: The router will need a static host route that directs traffic sent to the host address that was moved to the devices’ new network segment. The proxy ARP must be enabled on the router’s interface that’s connected to the original network segment. 20 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RARP is sort of the reverse of an ARP. In an ARP, the device knows the layer 3 address, but not the data link layer address. With a RARP, the device doesn’t have an IP address and wants to acquire one. The only address that this device has is a MAC address. Common protocols that use RARP are BOOTP and DHCP. 21 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 TCP/IP tools for Windows PCs 22 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 TCP/IP tools for Windows PCs 23 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 TCP/IP tools for Windows PCs 24 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 TCP/IP tools for Windows PCs 25 NET102 NETWORKING 102  WEEK 2 NETWORKING 102 TCP/IP tools for Windows PCs 26 NET102 NETWORKING 102 27