NET102-Reviewer.pdf

Networking - refers to the practice of Wireless access points (WAPs) are connecting computers and other devices devices that allow you to connect to a together to share resources, exchange wireless network and access the internet. data, and communicate. Networking allows...

Networking - refers to the practice of Wireless access points (WAPs) are connecting computers and other devices devices that allow you to connect to a together to share resources, exchange wireless network and access the internet. data, and communicate. Networking allows BRIDGE-is a computer networking device for the seamless transfer of information that builds the connection between devices, enabling various applications and services that form the backbone of modern digital communication. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)- most common cable used in computer Key Components of Networking Networking. Number of twisted-pair wires 1. NETWORK TYPES arc often grouped together and enclosed in Local Area Network (LAN)- A network a protective sheath to form a cable that spans a small geographic area, such RJ45 Connector- registered jack 45, is an as a home, office, or building. eight-wire connector. Used to connect Wide Area Network (WAN)-A network computers to category 5 unshielded twisted that covers a broad area, often composed pair cables in a network. of multiple LANs connected over long distances, such as the internet. Advantages of Networking Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)-A 1.File sharing 2.Resource Sharing network that spans a city or large campus, 3.Increased Storage Capacity larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. 4.Increased Cost Efficiency Personal Area Network (PAN)-A network for personal devices, typically Disadvantages of Networking within a range of a few meters, like 1.Security issues Bluetooth connections. 2.Rapid Spread of Computer Viruses 3.Expensive Set up 2. NETWORK DEVICES: 4.Dependency on the Main File Server ROUTER: Directs data packets between different networks, often connecting LANs CHARACTERISTICS OF A NETWORK to the internet. TOPOLOGY HUB: A basic device that connects multiple Physical Topology-arrangement of the Ethernet devices, making them act as a cables, network devices, and end systems; single network segment. it describes how the network devices are SWITCH- works the same way as the hub actually interconnected with wires and but they can identify the Intended cables destination of the information they receive, Logical Topology-describes the path over so they send that information to only which the date is transferred in a network computers that are supposed to received and how the network devices appear and send information at the same time. connected to network users. MODEM: Converts digital data to analog SPEED-measure of the data rate in bits signals and vice versa for transmission over per second (b/s) of a given link in the phone lines or cable systems. network. Access Point: Allows wireless devices to COST-General expense for purchasing of connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi. network components as well as installation and maintenance of the network SECURITY-indicates how protected the determine where data packets traveling network is, including the information that is over an Internet Protocol (IP) network will transmitted over the network. be directed. AVAILABILITY- refers to the likelihood that the network is available for use when it is A router is a specialized computer required. and requires the same components SCALABILITY-indicates how easily the to operate as computers including: network can accommodate more users and Central Processing Unit (CPU) data transmission requirements as they Operating System (OS) increase. A desktop computer might use RELIABILITY-indicates the dependability the Windows Operating System, of the components that make up the but a Cisco Router uses the Cisco network including the routers, switches, Internetwork Operating PCs, and servers; often measured as MTBF System (IOS). (mean time between failures) Memory and storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, ROUTING -routing is the process of Flash, hard drive) selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic. ROUTERS are devices that manage this process by analyzing data packets and determining the most efficient path for them to take to reach their destination. 3 PACKET-FORWARDING MECHANISMS Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link- 1. PROCESS SWITCHING – Slower state routing protocol that was developed and older packet for IP networks and is based on the forwarding mechanism Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm. 2. FAST SWITCHING – Common packet forwarding mechanism which An IP NETWORK enables computers to uses a fast-switching cache to store communicate with each other by forwarding the next-hop information data packets from router to router until 3. CISCO EXPRESS FORWARDING packets reach their final destination. Fastest, most recent, and preferred packet- 3 ROUTING TECHNIQUES forwarding mechanism 1. CONNECTED 2. STATIC Wired Networks: Uses Ethernet cables; 3. DYNAMIC offers stable and fast connections. Wireless Networks (Wi-Fi): Uses radio In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), the waves; offers flexibility and mobility. cost is based on the bandwidth of the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a links. Higher bandwidth links have a lower technology that allows you to make voice cost, making them more desirable. calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. A routing table is a set of rules, often viewed in table format, that's used to Devices need the following information for Importance: crucial for system administrator network access: software development and troubleshooting. IP ADDRESS, SUBNET MASK, AND It allows you to execute commands that can DEFAULT GATEWAY. control the system, manage files, and even run programs. You can perform task with The default gateway is the device that the precise control over the operating routes traffic from the local network to system devices on remote networks, such as devices on the Internet Terminal emulation software – is a type of application that allows a computer to When designing a new network or mapping emulate the functionality of a physical an existing one, the documentation should terminal or console identify: Tera term – a free and open source Device names terminal emulator with additional features Interfaces used in the design like macro support and serial port IP addresses and subnet masks connections Default gateway addresses Command-Line Interface (CLI) Two Useful Documents: Remote management means being able to TOPOLOGY DIAGRAM – provides a control and fix the switches from a central visual reference that indicates the location, without physically going to each physical and logical Layer 3 switch. addressing. An ADDRESSING TABLE – A switch requires an IP address to be captures device names, interfaces, configured on a virtual interface, called the IPv4 addresses, subnet masks, and switched virtual interface (SVI). default gateway addresses. Enter Global Configuration Mode: To configure IP addressing, you need to be Devices including routers and switches are in global configuration mode. Enter it by commonly accessed using Secure Shell typing configure terminal or conf t. (SSH) or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Access Configuration Mode: Secure (HTTPS). Log in to the switch using the appropriate Console access is usually only credentials (username and password). required when initially configuring a Enter privileged exec mode by device, or if remote access fails. typing enable or enable password if prompted. CONTROL ACCESS Exit Configuration Mode: Objective: to know the importance in To exit global configuration mode and computing how to access a console learn return to privileged exec mode, type exit or the basic commands you can execute in it end. Definition: often referred to as the command Save Configuration: line, terminal or shell is a text-base interface To ensure that your configuration is saved, that allows you to interact with your type write memory or copy running-config computer operating system startup-config.