Introduction to Philosophy of Human Person PDF

JEANYL E. SAPICO Instructor Module 1: WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY - Derived from the Greek words Philos “love” and Sophia “wisdom”; hence , Philosophy literally means “Love of Wisdom”. Greek word for ‘love’ Greek word for ‘wisdom’ - The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, real...

JEANYL E. SAPICO Instructor Module 1: WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY - Derived from the Greek words Philos “love” and Sophia “wisdom”; hence , Philosophy literally means “Love of Wisdom”. Greek word for ‘love’ Greek word for ‘wisdom’ - The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. “The fundamental values or some basic assumptions about things, persons, institutions, and others which form presuppositions that influence one’s beliefs, decisions, and actions.” – Armando Bonifacio  Phythagoras The first person to use the term ‘Philosophy’ Pythagoras was the first to use “Philosophy” when he differentiated the three classes of people who attended the ancient Olympic Games. 1. Lovers of Gain; 2. Lovers of Honor; 3. Lovers of Knowledge or Wisdom. Lovers of Knowledge or Wisdom. Pythagoras called the third class of people as the best kind of people or Philosophers; those who seek to arrive at the truth, as they neither seek profit nor compete in the games. Three Concepts of Philosophy as explained by Armando Bonifacio: 1. “The fundamental values or some basic assumptions about things, persons, institutions, and others which form presuppositions that influence one’s beliefs, decisions, and actions.” II. “The activity of reflecting on and analyzing one’s beliefs and reasons for actions or decisions could be a kind of Philosophy as well.” III. “A reconstructed belief or a value system which shows universal and comprehensive character as a result of reflection and analysis in a more comprehensive and systematic manner” Another view on Philosophy is as a study of subjects which can be understood on how they are talked about. Talking about the subject means: 1. Investigating the meaning of concepts or proposal of a new term to advance some area of philosophical inquiry; 2. Critiquing the use of these terms; or 3. A combination of both. Philosophical subjects differ from Nonphilosophical ones because they have a fundamental impor tance to a reflective person and there is a lack of general agreement on how the s u b j e c t o f c o n c e r n m ay b e defined. What is considered as philosophical subjects are matters which a reflective person believes in, counts as real, and considers as good which shapes his or her life. Philosophy becomes an ongoing activity because there may be many and varied answers to fundamental questions.  Truth, Nature of Reality LOGIC Reasoning, Analysis METAPHYSICS ETHICS AESTHETICS EPISTEMOLOGY Character, Values, Moral Beauty, Art, Knowledge, Knowing, Literature, Self Methods - Character, values, morality. - Derived from the Greek term Ethos “moral philosophy” and is concerned about human conduct. - Deals with norms or standards of right and wrong applicable to human behavior. - C o n s i d e re d a s p r e s c r i p t i v e a s i t prescribes what people ought to do rather what people do. - The systematic reflections in Ethics will lead to an understanding of the c o n c e p t o f r i g h t a n d w ro n g a n d conceptions about morality which affects one’s actions towards others. - Ethics helps people prioritize their values.  Is morality relative? Should children with serious birth defect be kept alive? Should a woman be allowed an abortion for any reason? Is Euthanasia acceptable? Should people agree with the RH Bill? - Beauty, art, literature, self. - Comes from the Greek word aisthetikos which means “sensitive” or “perspective”. - In this branch, the Philosopher is concerned with the analysis of aesthetic experience and the idea of what is beautiful. - The analysis is directed toward the nature of aesthetic judgment, standa rds o f bea uty, a nd the objectivity of these standards in response to the questions about the meaning of aesthetic experience. - In aesthetics, Philosophers analyze whether beauty is based on utility, experience, form, pleasure, or expression. THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY - Salvador Dali  - In The Persistence of Memory, Dalí explores the relationship between the past, present, and future. Time is relative and can be said to have different meanings to different people, depending on an individual's life journey. This painting reflects these varying perspectives on time and memory. THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY - Salvador Dali THE STARRY NIGHT - Vincent Van Gogh  - The Starry Night meaning can be derived from the large cypress tree: a symbol of graveyards, mourning, and death. The stars are symbols of dreaming, heaven, and death. The church, mysteriously dark in this painting, is a symbol of his religious upbringing, THE STARRY NIGHT - Vincent Van Gogh BATA BATA PAANO KA GINAWA? -Lualhati Bautista  - The 1998 movie “Bata, Bata, Paano Ka Ginawa?” is based on the novel of the Filipino writer, Lualhati Bautista. Lea's Stor y centers around a women's rights activist who struggles to raise her children as a single mother while working a demanding job at a women's crisis center. - It depicts the portrayal of the women where males in the soci ety a re considered the dominant ones. BATA BATA PAANO KA GINAWA? -Lualhati Bautista - Knowledge and methods of knowing. - Derived from the Greek word “epistēmē” which means “knowledge”. - This branch of Philosophy deals with various problems concerning knowledge; its origin, whether empiricism or rationalism, and the verification or confirmation knowledge. - Epistemology specializes in the distinction between belief and knowledge, the nature of truth, the problems of perception, the external world, and meaning and other minds. - Reasoning and analysis - A branch of Philosophy that looks into whether there are rules or principles that govern reasoning. - Logic incorporates the analysis of the methods of deduction and induction to provide the rules on how people ought to think logically. - Logic gives a person the techniques to create sound arguments and avoid fallacious reasoning. - Logic increases one’s ability to reason correctly and distinguish irrational reasoning.  All Dogs have four legs. Tables have four legs. Therefore, tables are dogs. What is the nature of reasoning? What is the purpose of presenting a deductive reason? - Truth and nature of reality - A study of reality. This literally means “after Physics”. - This branch analyzes whether everything is material, and if life, energy, and mind are its different manifestation. - Metaphysics reflect on the subject of appearances (how something looks by how it appears) and reality (that which actually is).  What is man’s place in the Universe? Can we control our destiny? Is there a God? - A reflective analysis and criticism of beliefs and values of human beings. - To speculate or theorize about fundamental or serious issues, especially in a tedious or pompous way. - To explain or argue in terms of one’s philosophical theories.