PHILOSOPHY_Lesson 2.pdf

TEACHER: ERICKA ROSE N. ASISTORES Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person  Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Meta (beyond) & Physica (physical) = “Beyond...

TEACHER: ERICKA ROSE N. ASISTORES Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person  Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Meta (beyond) & Physica (physical) = “Beyond Physical World” LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Metaphysical Philosophy accounts on investigating the unreal entities in terms of the real world that we experience through our senses. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING BRANCHES OF SAMPLE FOCUS PROPONENTS PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS Accounts for the All terrestrial unreal thing in objects are made terms of what up of matter. accepted as real Metaphysics discourses focus Plato Objects like chair on the only becomes real unobservable when we think of it entities like mind as it is. and matter. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  Episteme (knowledge) & Logos (reason) It studies the theory of knowledge, its methods, validity, and scope. It has similarities with the cognitive sciences in relation to the study of knowledge. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING The three basic questions of EPISTEMOLOGY: 1. How do we know what we know? 2. How do we know what we want to know? 3. How do we distinguish true from what is not true? LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING BRANCHES OF SAMPLE FOCUS PROPONENTS PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS Deals with the Deductive Method: nature, sources, If all objects René Descartes Epistemology and limitations contain water, then & John Dewey and validity of human beings knowledge. have water. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING BRANCHES OF SAMPLE FOCUS PROPONENTS PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS Inductive Method: Any objects around Puts forward us is composed of induction an element or (empiricism) and René Descartes combination of Epistemology deduction as & John Dewey elements. methods of Therefore, elements acquiring are the main knowledge. composition of anything. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING It is the systematic study of valid reasoning. Basically, it is the art and science of argumentation. It falls under the Formal Sciences together with Mathematics. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Logic does not provide us knowledge of the world directly. It only serves as a tool to guide one’s arguments or discourses so as to keep them valid and true. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  He was the first philosopher who employed logical method. He claimed the truth exists when there is agreement between knowledge and reality. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING BRANCHES OF SAMPLE FOCUS PROPONENTS PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS Serves as a tool in Premise 1: A car will making valid not run without gas. arguments. It does not directly Premise 2: I don’t contribute to Logic Aristotle have any gas in my knowledge but car. focuses more on the method how Conclusion: My car knowledge is will not run. created. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Reasoning is very important in our everyday lives. Decision making can make or unmake us. Thus, the quality of our logical capacity affects our well-being. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING The study of principles and values. Ethics Aesthetics LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING It is about morality and the principles governing a person’s behavior or how the human person should behave. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Accounts for the nature of our moral judgements and it also attempts to investigate our fundamental ethical ideas. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  Socrates pointed out that knowledge is not merely theoretical nor speculative but also practical. It means that knowledge on rules of right living is not sufficient when it is not actually being practiced. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  WHITE OPPRESSION AFRICAN-AMERICAN SLAVERY EQUAL RIGHTS & FREEDOM OF BLACK COMMUNITY LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING BRANCHES OF SAMPLE FOCUS PROPONENTS PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS Explores the nature of moral Equal opportunities value and for all regardless of evaluates human Socrates gender. actions. Ethics W.E.B. Du Bois Law making must Knowledge is not include ethical only theoretical considerations nor speculative but practical. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  Deals with the study of beauty, especially in the arts. It is about beauty and taste and it is closely related to the philosophy of art, which is concerned with the nature of art and how it is interpreted and evaluated. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  Embedded in our culture is our capacity to distinguish beautiful from what is not LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING  It vitalizes our knowledge making the world more useful and alive, it helps us live more deeply and richly for appreciation of work of arts arises, and it keeps us in touch with our culture. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING BRANCHES OF SAMPLE FOCUS PROPONENTS PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS Object is beautiful if Deals with the perceiving it is establishment of accompanied by criteria of beauty aesthetic pleasure. Schopenhauer Aesthethics Gives importance Among the Hans-Georg to culture and examples of Gadamer arts for they beautiful objects manifest social are landscapes, behavior sunsets, humans and works of art. LESSON 2 - METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING