MMED CAT 2 Past Paper PDF

Question 72 Complete Marked out of 1 109. Inhibition of neurones at some sites of the CNS does not involve Select one: a. During an IPSP a neuron cannot discharge an action potential b. Release of the chemical transmitter glycine c. Release of the transmitter gamma amin...

Question 72 Complete Marked out of 1 109. Inhibition of neurones at some sites of the CNS does not involve Select one: a. During an IPSP a neuron cannot discharge an action potential b. Release of the chemical transmitter glycine c. Release of the transmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) d. Non-specific increase in conductance of the postsynaptic neuron to anions and cations e. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) hyperpolarization of the membrane Question 73 Complete Marked out of 1 75. The most prominent neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease is: Select one: a. Loss of the basal ganglia b. Loss of the striatal dopamine pathway to neostriatum and globus pallidus c. None of the above d. Loss of the serotonergic pathway to the frontal lobe e. Loss of cholinergic pathway to the neostriatum and globus pallidus Question 74 Complete Marked out of 1 91. Function of basal ganglia ? Select one: a. all of the above b. Control of movements c. Planning and programming of movements d. Cognition e. Initiating movement Question 75 Complete Marked out of 1 63. An MD/PhD student was recording responses in different cutaneous receptors and noted the following. One receptor was inactive until the skin temperature was increased to 33°C and then its firing rate continued to increase as the skin temperature was gradually raised to 45°C. A second receptor was inactive until the skin temperature reached 46°C. A third receptor was inactive at skin temperatures of 40°C, but then steadily increases its firing rate as skin temperature was lowered to 24°C. For each of these cases, classify the type of receptor and the nonselective cation channel that was possibly activated. Select one: a. None of the above b. Receptor one is an innocuous warm receptor and the channel activated was TRPV3; receptor two is a thermal nociceptor and the channel activated was TRPV1; receptor three was an innocuous cold receptor and the channel activated was TRPM8. c. Receptor one is an innocuous warm receptor and the channel activated was TRPV1; receptor two is a thermal nociceptor and the channel activated was TRPM8; receptor three was an innocuous cold receptor and the channel activated was TRPV3. d. Receptor one is a thermal nociceptor and the channel activated was TRPV1; receptor two is a thermal nociceptor and the channel activated was TRPA1; receptor three was an innocuous cold receptor and the channel activated was TRPV4. e. Receptor one is a thermal nociceptor and the channel activated was TRPA1; receptor two is a thermal nociceptor and the channel activated was TRPV1; receptor three was an innocuous cold receptor and the channel activated was TRPM8. Question 76 Complete Marked out of 1 106. Which of the following statements with regard to a motor neuron is false? Select one: a. Macromolecules such as enzymes and membrane constituents required for the synthesis of neurotransmitter are formed in the soma. b. Most of the inhibitory synapses are found on the dendrites. c. The initial segment has lower threshold for firing an action potential than the rest of the soma membrane. d. There is retrograde transport from the nerve terminal to the soma e. There is anterograde transport from the soma to the nerve terminal Question 77 Complete Marked out of 1 14. Which areas of the brain exerts control over the autonomic nervous system? 1. cerebrum; 2. Cerebellum; 3. Hypothalamus; 4. Pons; 5. Medulla; 6. thalamus Select one: a. 1, 3, 4, 5 b. 1, 2, 3, 5 c. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 d. 1, 3, 5 e. 2, 3, 4, 5 Question 78 Complete Marked out of 1 increased sensitivity to light, and nausea. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms? Select one: a. She had a hypertensive crisis from eating foods high in tyramine while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for her depression. b. She experienced a migraine headache. c. She had an unexpected adverse reaction to the mixture of alcohol with her antidepressant. d. She had a myocardial infarction. e. The foods were contaminated with botulinum toxin. Question 79 Complete Marked out of 1 62. A 30-year-old man was seen by a neurologist because he had experienced prolonged episodes of tingling and numbness in his right arm. He underwent a neurologic exam to evaluate his sensory nervous system. Which of the following cutaneous mechanoreceptors is correctly paired with the type of stimulus to which it is most apt to respond? Select one: a. Meissner corpuscle and skin stretch b. Ruffini corpuscles and sustained pressure c. Merkel cells and slow vibration d. Pacinian corpuscle and rapid vibration e. Naked nerve endings and touch Question 80 Complete Marked out of 1 3. The extra-hypothalamic sites associated with control of parasympathetic outflow include all the following except __. Select one: a. central nucleus of the amygdala b. parabrachial nucleus c. dorsal sensory nucleus of the vagus d. nucleus ambiguus e. raphe nuclei Question 81 Complete Marked out of 1 12. With a lesion of the corticospinal tract the greatest deficit will be noted in which one of the following areas? a. The shoulder girdle muscles. b. The pelvic girdle muscles. c. The foot. d. The axial muscles. e. The hand. Question 82 Complete Marked out of 1 74. Onset of Parkinson's disease is usually between: Select one: a. 40-70 yrs b. 20 -30 yrs c. At any age d. 30-40 yrs e. 70-85 yrs Question 83 Complete Marked out of 1 55. A 23-year-old woman fell asleep on the beach while sunbathing. She awoke a few hours later to find that she had a very bad sunburn. That evening while taking a shower, the lukewarm water (40°C) touching her back caused her to feel pain. What types of receptors were activated by the lukewarm water and why did she experience pain? Select one: a. Innocuous thermal receptors and hyperalgesia b. Thermal nociceptors and hyperalgesia c. Thermal nociceptors and allodynia d. Thermal nociceptors and nociceptive pain e. Innocuous thermal receptors and allodynia Question 84 Complete Marked out of 1 79. The most prominent feature of Huntington's disease is: Select one: a. Involuntary choreiform movement and dementia b. Akinesia c. Bradykinesia d. Rigidity e. Tremor at rest Question 85 Complete Marked out of 1 78. Surgery to the thalamus and the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease has the effect of: Select one: a. Permanently removing the motor symptoms of the disorder b. Neither increasing nor decreasing parkisonian symptoms c. a, b and c d. Increasing tremor at rest and rigidity e. Reducing tremor at rest and rigidity Question 86 Complete Marked out of 1 116. Which of the following statements about the light/ reflex is correct? Select one: a. Damage to the oculomotor nerve could lead to failure of the pupillary light reflex b. Contraction of sphincter muscle of the iris is brought about by the noradrenergic sympathetic innervation. c. During fixation onto near objects (when accommodation and convergence of eyes occur) the pupils also dilate. d. When a bright light is shone into one eye, the pupil of the other eye will not constrict e. The afferent pathway for the pupillary light reflex passes from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus Question 87 Complete Marked out of 1 157. Types of cerebral oedema include the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. Cellular type with injury to glial, endothelial and neuronal cells b. Osmotic type with cells of the brain pull water from the plasma in response to metabolic derangements c. Cytotoxic type with injury where the cells lack homeostasis mechanisms and intracellular edema occurs as commonly seen in TBI and stroke d. Vasogenic type with disruption of the BBB, ions and proteins flow more freely to ECF, then osmosis of fluid into the interstitium. e. Interstitial type with inflow of CSF into intraventricular space from interstitium of brain as seen in meningitis and hydrocephalus Question 88 Complete Marked out of 1 71. An 11-year-old boy was having difficulty reading the graphs that his teacher was showing at the front of classroom. His teacher recommended he be seen by an ophthalmologist. Not only was he asked to look at a Snellen letter chart for visual acuity but he was also asked to identify numbers in an Ishihara chart. He responded that he merely saw a bunch of dots. Abnormal color vision is 20 times more common in males than females because most cases are caused by an abnormal Select one: a. dominant gene on the X chromosome. b. recessive gene on the Y chromosome. c. dominant gene on the Y chromosome. d. recessive gene on chromosome 22 e. recessive gene on the X chromosome. Question 89 Complete Marked out of 1 15. The single most important hypothalamic nucleus of the central autonomic network is the __. Select one: a. locus ceruleus b. pontine nuclei. c. Solitary tract nucleus (STN) d. paraventricular nucleus (PVN) e. medullary raphe nuclei Question 90 Complete Marked out of 1 146. The fovea allows for increase visual acuity by which of the following specializations: Select one: a. all of the photoreceptors here are rods, which are more resistant to photobleaching b. lateral displacement of the ganglion cells from the retina c. ALL are TRUE d. high ratio of photoreceptors to ganglion cells e. the abundance of blood vessels to nourish this metabolically active area Question 91 Complete Marked out of 1 64. A 32-year-old man was brought to the emergency department after being found comatose by his wife. The resident in the emergency department assessed his pupillary light reflex as a useful gauge of his brainstem function. He found that when the light was shone into his left eye, neither pupil constricted; but when the light was shone in his right eye, both pupils constricted. The physician determined that damage was within Select one: a. the sphincter muscle of the left eye. b. the right optic nerve. c. the left optic nerve. d. the left oculomotor nerve. e. the right oculomotor nerve. Question 92 Complete Marked out of 1 16. The following are true about the CSF circulation EXCEPT: a. The arachnoid granulation is in contact with the endothelium of the venous sinus. b. The ventricular system communicates with the subarachnoid space through the roof of the third ventricle. c. Is produced by the modified ependymal cells of the choroid plexus. d. Is absorbed mainly through the arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus. e. Blockage of the arachnoid granulation causes communicating hydrocephalus. Question 93 Complete Marked out of 1 5. What sensory pathway carries light touch and proprioception? a. Spinothalamic tract b. Medial lemniscus c. Corticospinal tract d. Lateral lemniscus e. Chorda tympani Question 94 Complete Marked out of 1 11. A patient has the sudden onset of inability to talk. He understands what is said to him but can only say "if only" and "oh no." Where is the lesion? a. Left superior temporal gyrus. b. Both the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus on the left. c. Left parietal lobe - angular gyrus of the parietal lobe. d. Left inferior frontal gyrus. e. Left inferior temporal gyrus. Question 95 Complete Marked out of 1 133. Which of the following statement about brain function is false? Select one: a. Cerebellar lesions cannot affect speech b. Loss of ability to recognize an object by touch with the left hand could be due to lesion in the right parietal lobe c. The lips and tongue can be moved voluntarily in spite of a lesion in Broca’s area d. Damage to the Wernicke’s area can lead to failure to understand speech e. In sleep, the natural activity of the brain is not reduced Question 96 Complete Marked out of 1 21. Chronic administration of the following types of drugs would lead to a sustained increase in serum gastrin levels: Select one: a. Antacid b. H2 receptor antagonist c. Proton pump inhibitor d. Anticholinergic e. Beta blocker Question 97 Complete Marked out of 1 58. A 28-year-old man with severe myopia made an appointment to see his ophthalmologist when he began to notice flashing lights and floaters in his visual field. He was diagnosed with a retinal detachment. The inner nuclear layer of the retina is comprised of Select one: a. the inner segments of the photoreceptors (rods and cones). b. bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. c. cell bodies of the optic nerve. d. glial cells that generate new rods and cones. e. various types of ganglion cells. Question 98 Complete Marked out of 1 80. Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder that is Select one: a. Only identifiable after 50 years of age b. None of the above c. Treatable d. not inherited e. Autosomal dominant Question 99 Complete Marked out of 1 10. A young adult man presents to the A&E in coma after traumatic brain injury. The following is FALSE about the cell junctions involved as shown in Figure 8: a. The propagation of neuronal action potential is facilitated by the gap junction b. The tight junctions forming the blood brain barrier have been disrupted c. The strength and stability of brain tissues is compromised d. Selective permeability of the brain capillaries enhanced by the gap junctions is lost e. Passage of small molecules and second messengers continue to take place Question 100 Complete Marked out of 1 66. A medical student was doing research in a sensory neurophysiology laboratory. In preparation for his research, the principal investigator of the laboratory asked him to compare the four basic attributes of a stimulus to sensory receptors. The four attributes of sensory coding are Select one: a. sensitization, discrimination, energy, and projection. b. modality, location, intensity, and duration. c. modality, adequate threshold, sensitivity, and location. d. specific energy, adequate threshold, sensation, and duration. e. adequate threshold, receptive field, adaptation, and projection. Question 101 Complete Marked out of 1 148. The opening of K+ channels produces a ___________ in hair cells because of the __________ concentration of K+ in the endolymph and the _____________ endocochlear potential. Select one: a. depolarization; high; negative b. hyperpolarization; high; negative c. depolarization; high; positive d. depolarization; low; positive e. hyperpolarization; low; positive Question 102 Complete Marked out of 1 7. The following are pain sensitive structures except: a. Oculomotor nerve. b. Trigeminal nerve c. Facial nerve. d. Glossopharyngeal nerve. e. Vestibulocochlear nerve. ◄ CAT 1 2023/2024 ACADEMIC YEAR FOR MDS AND MMED 6/12/2023 Jump to... MMED CAT 3 28-03-2024 ►