Merriman Teacher Notes - Northern Renaissance PDF

## The Northern Renaissance 1513 Machiavelli wrote *The Prince* about how to gain and keep power. * Keep people happy. * Bring stability and moral regeneration. * Draw both contemporary examples and examples from Ancient Rome. About 1460, humanist ideas began to spread north (pointing). * Bega...

## The Northern Renaissance 1513 Machiavelli wrote *The Prince* about how to gain and keep power. * Keep people happy. * Bring stability and moral regeneration. * Draw both contemporary examples and examples from Ancient Rome. About 1460, humanist ideas began to spread north (pointing). * Began debates over morality and ethics. * Political science - systematic attempt to draw general, realistic conclusions from recent history. * Citizens should be educated to become active, informed citizens. * Goal of government = stability. 1521 Machiavelli wrote *The Art of War*. * Citizen soldiers rather than mercenaries. ### The Decline of the City-States 1500 - 1530: Lots of battles. * By 1525, France had 32,000 soldiers and Spain 14,000 soldiers in the Italian city-states. 1521: War between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and King Francis I of France (allied with the Ottoman Empire). * 1527: Charles I's mercenaries sacked Rome because of a lack of pay. * 1529: Peace of Cambrai. * France gave up Milan and Naples. * Most city-states became dependent on Charles V for defense against France and the Ottoman Empire. * By wars, city-states' resources (men, money, food, etc.) were drained. By 1600, Venice had last control of trade through the Black Sea to (?). ### Criticism of the Church abuses/corruption, idleness * Questioned scholasticism. * Created a critical spirit/atmosphere. ### Northern Art and Humanism Wealthy urban families patronized artists in Dutch Provinces. * Emphasis on detail and smaller scale. #### Dutch/Flemish Painters Favored Realism over Idealism * Still very religious focus. ### Albrecht Dürer * German painter. * Traveled to Italian city-states. * 1494 - 1505: To Venice. * Studied Italian painters' use of mathematical perspective. ### Literary Societies, Academies, Universities * Diffusion of Renaissance ideas. * 1530: Francis I established the College of France in Paris. #### Northern Universities * Education from (?). * Uneven (?). ### Thomas More wrote *Utopia* * Consider our own values in the context of learning more about the world. * Christian humanism (not radical). * Attacked moral/ethical failings of clergy and Church system. * Condemned superstition. * Hated scholasticism. * Suggested individuals could interpret the Bible for themselves. ### Erasmus's Humanistic Critique of the Church * Erasmus of Rotterdam. ### The Rise of Spain Spain actually a mix of many smaller regions. * Castile + Aragon largest, biggest influence. * Royal and noble houses' adoption of humanist ideas (Cambridge). * Latin became the language of scholarship. ### The Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean (1499: Ottoman navy defeated Venetian) It seems like the document was written by someone who is learning about this period of history. It's a bit disjointed and there are bits of unfinished thought. There are also some questions about the information, which may be helpful to clarify for someone learning about this topic.