medical_ethics_for_medical_students_48e212cb17a74e90e1f17d1265a27c0b.pptx

MEDICAL ETHICS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS Dr. weam Aribi Pediatric specialist Faculty of medicine International Marref University WHAT IS ETHICS ?  Ethics is concerned with moral principles ,values and standards of conduct.  Or the study of morality an...

MEDICAL ETHICS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS Dr. weam Aribi Pediatric specialist Faculty of medicine International Marref University WHAT IS ETHICS ?  Ethics is concerned with moral principles ,values and standards of conduct.  Or the study of morality analysis of moral decisions and behavior.  The set of philosophical belief and practices concerned with the distinction between right and wrong. DEFINITION OF ETHICS The word ethics is derived from the Greek word (ethike) means habit , character or action Mos (morals) means habit or custom. Ethos means character. MEDICAL ETHICS  Medical ethics is the branch of ethics that deal with moral issues in medical practice.  System of values common to medical profession.  Medical ethics closely related to human rights and law.  But medical ethics prescribes higher standards of behavior than does the law.   Ethical considerations play important role within health care.  Doctors have the duty to respond to situations in a moral way.  Doctors have the duty to uphold patients trust. WHY  Doctors will face ethical dilemmas in their MEDICAL practice and be required to make decisions which consider ethical reasoning ETHICS IS. IMPORTANT ?  Autonomy. Beneficence. PRINCIPLES OF Confidentiality. MEDICAL Non-maleficence ( first do no ETHICS harm). Equity or justice. Verasity (truth telling). COMPONENTS OF MEDICAL ETHICS  Doctor patient relationship.  Doctor-doctor relationship.  The relationship of doctors to the health care system.  The relation of doctors to the society. ETHICAL THEORIES  Morality means the adherence to the good behavior.  The moral principles are two:  The principle of good.  The principle of duty. ETHICAL THEORIES IN MEDICINE  Many theories try to define morality:  The principlism theory (Beauchamp and Hildress).  Duty theory (deontology ) by Kant.  Hedonism theory by Abegor.  Utilitarianism ,consquentialism theory by Jhon Stewart and others.  Intuitive theory by Vodoros.  Existential theory by Rossel. ETHICAL THEORIES IN HEALTH CARE  Principlism theory  Is commonly used approach in health care and biomedical sciences.  It emphasizes four key ethical principles :  Autonomy.  Beneficence.  Maleficence.  Justice. ETHICAL THEORIES IN MEDICAL CARE  Theory of duty  To apply the same principle for everyone under all circumstances.  It is an obligation to do what is moral. ETHICAL THEORIES IN HEALTH CARE  Teleology and utilitarianism  To much good to bring happiness and well being.  Consequences of actions as the first step in analyzing moral activity. IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY OF ETHICAL THEORIES  Ethics is not a prescription or set of rules to be followed blindly.  Ethical dilemmas have no single right answer.  Patient and society should be confident that difficult choices are not dealt with depending on a single moral stand taken by clinicians.  Autonomy and dignity of patients must be respected. ETHICAL ISSUES IN PRACTICE  Truth telling.  Informed consent.  End of life care.  Palliative care.  Allocating of clinical resources.  Ethics of medical research.  Abortion.  Genetic councelling  Cloning. THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-MALEFICENCE  First do no harm.  Actions does not harm the patient and others in the society.  Sanctity of life.  Double effect of treatment and interventions. THE PRINCIPLE OF BENEFICENCE  All actions and procedures are done with the intent of doing good to the patient.  To maintain your knowledge and skills up to date.  Patient welfare is your first concern. PRINCIPLE OF AUTONOMY  People have the right to control what happens to their bodies.  Competent well-informed adult can refuse or accept treatment. THE PRINCIPLE OF VERASITY Truth telling. Obligation to full and honest disclosure. THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFIDENTIALITY  Maintain the confidentiality of all personal , medical and treatment information.  Information revealed with consent and for the benefit of the patient.  Consider ethical and legal issues.   Equitable distribution of benefits THE and burdens to individuals irrespective of their sex , religion , PRINCIPLE ethnicity or social status. OF JUSTICE  Equitable allocation of health resources. ETHICAL CODES  Hippocrates oath (5th century BC).  Noremberg code 1948.  Declaration of Geneva 1948.  Helsinki declaration 1964.  International code of medical ethics.  National codes of practice.  ‫‪ ‬اهتم االسالم باالخالق عموما وقدسية الحياة والحفاظ‬ ‫عليها واحترامها في كل ادوراها‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬اكد االسالم على ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬مبدأ االحسان وعمل الخير‪.‬‬ ‫االخالق الطبية‬ ‫‪ ‬مبدأ عدم الضرر ( ال ضرر وال ضرار)‪.‬‬ ‫في االسالم‬ ‫‪ ‬مبدأ حفظ المريض واسراره والستر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬مبدأ اخذ موافقة المريض على العالج‪.‬يقول االمام‬ ‫النووي‪:‬‬ ‫طبيب}}لسلع}ة او ا}}لعضو ا}}لمتاك}لم}نا}}لشخص(‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و}لو ق}}طع} ا}}ل‬ ‫)ا}}لمستقلب}}}غير اذ}ن}ه ف}}ماتل}}زم}ه ا}}لقصاصال}}ن}ه م}تع}دي‬ ‫االخالق الطبية في االسالم‬ ‫مفهوم المصلحة‬ ‫النظريات االخالقية‬ ‫في الشرع وهي‬ ‫في االسالم اكدت‬ ‫الميثاق االسالمي‬ ‫مصلحة التناقض‬ ‫المنظمة االسالمية‬ ‫نظرية النفعية‬ ‫العالمي لالخالقيات‬ ‫الشرع او االمة‬ ‫‪.‬للعلوم الصحية‬ ‫ونظرية الو}اجب‬ ‫‪.‬الطبية والصحية‬ ‫وليست نفعية‬ ‫‪.‬ايضا‬ ‫‪.‬مطلقة‬ TAKE HOME MESSAGES Doctors should be aware You should behave You should follow The of the codes of practice. ethically with principles of medical patients ,colleagues and ethics in your practice and rest of the team. under all circumstances. THANK YOU