Macromolecules Review Worksheet for H Biology PDF

**Macromolecules Review Worksheet for H Biology** **Part A.** *Classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid.* ---------------------------------- ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ 1\. carbohydrate [ ] Starch...

**Macromolecules Review Worksheet for H Biology** **Part A.** *Classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid.* ---------------------------------- ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ 1\. carbohydrate [ ] Starch 9\. carbohydrate [ ] Polysaccharide 2\. lipid [ ] Cholesterol 10\. lipid [ ] Phospholipid 3\. lipid [ ] Steroid 11\. neither, but is a key component of a lipid [ ] Glycerol 4\. carbohydrate [ ] Glycogen 12\. carbohydrate [ ] Monosaccharide 5\. protein [ ] enzyme 13\. carbohydrate [ ] Cellulose 6\. lipid [ ] saturated fat 14\. protein [ ] amino acid 7\. protein [ ] polypeptide chain 15\. lipid [ ] unsaturated fatty acid 8\. carbohydrate [ ] Glucose ---------------------------------- ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ **Part B.** *Identify the [specific] molecule (use the above terms) from each description. Some terms may be used more than once.* 16\. lipids [ ] provides long-term energy storage for animals 17\. carbohydrate [ ] provides immediate energy 18\. lipids [ ] sex hormones 19\. carbohydrate [ ] provides short-term energy storage for plants 20\. protein [ ] animal and plant structures 21\. lipids [ ] forms the cell membrane of all cells 22\. protein [ ] speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy 23\. carbohydrate [ ] one sugar 24\. protein (amino acids) [ ] monomer of proteins 25\. carbohydrate [ ] provides long-term energy storage for plants 26\. lipids [ ] steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes 27\. \*glycerol (see above) [ ] 3-carbon "backbone" of a fat 28\. carbohydrate [ ] provides short-term energy storage for animals 29\. carbohydrate [ ] many sugars 30\. carbohydrate [ ] forms the cell wall of plant cells **Part C.** *Which [specific] molecule (saturated fat, unsaturated fat, protein, glucose, starch, cellulose) is each food [mostly] made of?* -------------------------------------------- -------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- 31\. starch [ ] almond 39\. cellulose [ ] celery 32\. cellulose [ ] spinach 40\. starch [ ] soy beans 33\. *protein* [ ] beef jerky 41\. glucose [ ] cranberries 34\. *protein* [ ] bacon 42\. *protein* [ ] egg white 35\. starch [ ] noodles 43\. glucose [ ] table sugar 36\. glucose [ ] orange juice 44\. starch [ ] popcorn 37\. protein/saturated fat [ ] cheese 45\. protein [ ] lobster 38\. starch [ ] wheat 46\. *unsaturated fat* [ ] sesame oil -------------------------------------------- -------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------- **Part D.** *State whether each is found in animals, plants or both.* ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------------ ---------------- 47\. animals [ ] saturated fat 53\. both [ ] glucose 48\. both [ ] protein 54\. both [ ] enzyme 49\. both [ ] steroid 55\. both [ ] polysaccharide 50\. both [ ] amino acid 56\. animals [ ] glycogen 51\. both [ ] monosaccharide 57\. plants [ ] starch 52\. plants [ ] cellulose 58\. both [ ] phospholipid ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------------ ---------------- **Part E.** *Which food molecule (monosaccharide, polysaccharide, lipid, protein) would you eat if...* 68\....you needed a quick boost of energy? *monosaccharide* [ ] 69\....you wanted to grow strong nails? protein [ ] 70\....you haven't eaten in days? protein [ ] 71\....you wanted to grow healthy hair? protein [ ] 72\....you had a race tomorrow afternoon? polysaccharide [ ] 73\....you were getting ready for hibernation? lipid [ ] 74\....you wanted to get bigger muscles? protein [ ] 75\....your next meal will be in a week? lipid [ ] Short Answer questions 1\. What is the relationship between glucose, fructose, and galactose? 2\. What are the structural differences between a saturated and an unsaturated fat? 3\. Explain how polymers are related to monomers. Polymers are comprised of monomers. A short primer on bonding... Most living things are mainly composed of different combinations of the same five elements. These elements are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus (mainly found in nucleic acids -- which is not a focus for this test). Carbohydrates and fats are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Proteins are composed of a chain of amino acids. Amino acids are made of a central carbon bonded to 4 different groups: a carboxyl group (--COOH), an amine group (--NH2), a hydrogen atom (--H), and a side group that varies depending on the type of amino acid. Twenty common amino acids can combine in various ways to make different protein molecules. The sequence of amino acids in each protein is unique to that protein, so each protein has its own unique 3-D shape. Why do these particular elements bond together to form organic molecules? What is unique to carbon that makes it the most important element in organic molecules? As you have learned, it is the number of valence electrons that allow certain elements to bond with one another. What do you think the mnemonic device "HONC 1-2-3-4" might mean? If carbon has \_\_4\_\_\_\_ valence electrons, then it can form \_\_\_4\_\_\_\_\_ bond(s). If hydrogen has\_\_\_1\_\_\_ valence electrons, then it can form \_\_\_1\_\_\_\_\_\_ bond(s). If oxygen has\_\_\_6\_\_\_ valence electrons, then it can form \_\_\_\_2\_\_\_\_\_ bond(s). If nitrogen has\_\_5\_\_\_\_ valence electrons, then it can form \_\_\_\_3\_\_\_\_\_ bond(s).