Lymphoma and Leukemia Spreadsheet PDF

# Hematologic Cancers ## Lymphoma | Disease | Pathology | |---|---| | Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Cancer originating in lymphocytes | | Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) | Cancer originating in lymphocytes | | Follicular Lymphoma (2nd most common NHL) | Cancer originating in lymphocytes | | Mantel Cell Lympho...

# Hematologic Cancers ## Lymphoma | Disease | Pathology | |---|---| | Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Cancer originating in lymphocytes | | Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) | Cancer originating in lymphocytes | | Follicular Lymphoma (2nd most common NHL) | Cancer originating in lymphocytes | | Mantel Cell Lymphoma (rarest NHL) | Cancer originating in B cell lymphocytes | | Burkitt's Lymphoma | Cancer originating in B cell lymphocytes | | MALT Lymphoma | Cancer originating in B cell lymphocytes | | Multiple Myeloma (2nd most common hematological malignancy in US after NHL) | Cancer of plasma cells | ### Characterisitcs/Lab Findings | Characteristics/Lab Findings | Patient Population | |---|---| | Multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cell | Younger population | | Follicle center B-cells (centrocytes and centroblasts) | | | Mantel zone surrounds normal germinal center follicles, clonal expansion of malignant B lymphocytes, irregular nuclear contours and presence of pink histocytes, immunohistochemistry expressed CD20, CD5 and Cyclin D1 | Prevalence higher in Europe patients usually in 60's | | Normal B cells or germinal center possess rearranged immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes analyzed using electrophoresis, starry sky appearance under low power due to macrophages containing dead body of apoptotic tumor cells | Usually children | | Appearance similar to gastric ulcer | | | Plasmacytoma | More common in men, twice as common in African-Americans as it is in European-Americans | ## Leukemia | Disease | Pathology | |---|---| | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) | Cancer of lymphocytes | | B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | Cancer of B lymphocytes | | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) | Cancer of myeloid line of cells | | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) | Cancer of myeloid line of cells, type of myeloproliferative disease | ## Summary Table | Disease | Cause | Effect | Diagnostic Tests | Treatment | Survival | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Lymphoma** | Infection with EBV may increase risk, three grades grouped by their aggressiveness, translocation between chromosome 14 and 18 in over expressed BCL2 gene, translocation between chromosome 11 and 14, endemic (malaria), sporadic, immunodeficiency-associated (HIV), EBV infection, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), chronic inflammation or H. pylori, production of a paraprotein | Systemic symptons, overexpression of BCL-2 gene results in immortal cells, overexpression of cyclin D1, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, involves jaw and other facial bones, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney or breat, frequently in stomach, kidney problems, bone lesions, hypercalcemia | Bone marrow, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow, lymph node biopsy, endoscopy, serum electrophoresis, bone marrow biospy, urine protein(Bence Jones Protein), X rays of bones | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | 5 year survival 85% in US | | **Hodgkin's Lymphoma** | | | | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | | | **Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma** | | | | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | | | **Follicular Lymphoma** | | | | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, difficult to treat and seldom considered cured | | | **Mantel Cell Lymphoma** | | | | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | | | **Burkitt's Lymphoma** | | | | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | | | **MALT Lymphoma** | | | | Radiation, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | | | **Multiple Myeloma** | | | | Steroids, chemotherapy, proteasome inhibitors, stem cell transplantation, radiation | Considered incurable but treatable, median survival 3-4 years, 5 year survival rate is 45% | | **Leukemia** | | | | | | | **Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)** | Reduced production of functional blood cells | Peripheral blood and bone marrow | Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | Cure is over 80% of affected children, 20-40% of adults can be cured | | | **B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia** | Orginates in bone marrow, develop in lymph nodes | Peripheral blood and bone marrow | Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | | | | **Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)** | Orginates in bone marrow, rapid abnormal growth of white blood cells | Peripheral blood and bone marrow | Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant | Rapidly progressive and typically fatal within weeks or months if untreated, five year survival 15-75%. Relapse rate 33-78% | | | **Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)** | Clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder, translocation of chromosome 9 and 22 (Philadelphia Chromosome), increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the blood marrow and accumulation in peripheral blood | Peripheral blood and bone marrow, cytogenetics, PCR for the BCR-ABL fusion gene | Treated with targeted drugs called tyrosine kinas inhibitors | | | ## Other Characteristics | Cell Type | Characteristics | |---|---| | Lymphoblasts | Predominately children with a peak incidence at 2-5 years of age | | Abnormal lymphocytes | Predominately adults over age 50, rarely teenagers, occasionally children, majority are men | | Drop in RBC, platelets and normal blood cells, presence of blasts in peripheral blood | Rare | | Basophils and eosinophils are universally increased | 15-20% of adult leukemias and 14% of leukemias overall |