List of Medical Triads, Tetrads, and Pentads PDF

List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same...

List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis. A medical tetrad is a group of four, while a pentad is a group of five. Triads Name Triad Disease Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture Abdominal aortic hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain Triad aneurysm increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone, Achalasia Triad Achalasia decreased LES relaxation, aperistalsis Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis), Allergic Rhinitis, Allergic Triad bronchitis || Atopy or Atopic Triad Ochronotic arthritis, Ochronotic pigmentation, Urine Alkaptonuria Triad Alkaptonuria darkens on standing Amyand's Triad Amyand's hernia, Appendicitis, Undescended testis Subcutaneous emphysema, rapid respirations, and Esophageal rupture Anderson Triad abdominal rigidity (likely intra-abdominal) Pneumonia, Endocarditis, Meningitis (all caused by Austrian syndrome Triad Austrian syndrome Streptococcus pneumoniae) Muffled heart sound, Distended neck veins, Beck's triad Cardiac tamponade Hypotension Budd–Chiari syndrome abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly Budd–Chiari syndrome Charcot's cholangitis triad Right Upper Quadrant Pain, Fever, Jaundice Ascending cholangitis Charcot's neurologic triad scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus Multiple sclerosis chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial Congenital Triad of congenital toxoplasmosis calcifications toxoplasmosis cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, sensorineural Triad of congenital rubella Congenital rubella hearing loss Congestive Heart Failure Triad Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Tender hepatomegaly Congestive heart failure Cushing's triad of Increased Bradycardia, Bradypnea, Hypertension Head injuries Intracranial Pressure Danny's Triad Painful urination, testicular pain, diarrhea Chlamydia hyperesthesia of the skin, exquisite tenderness and Dieulafoy's triad Acute appendicitis guarding over McBurney's point Renal colic, swelling in loin which disappears after Dietl's crisis Hydronephrosis urination Fanconi syndrome triad Aminoaciduria, Proteinuria, Phosphaturia Fanconi syndrome eating disorders, amenorrhoea, decreased bone Relative energy Female athlete triad mineral density deficiency in sport  Name Triad Disease Rheumatoid arthritis Felty triad Rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly complication Sixth cranial n. Palsy, Persistent ear discharge, Deep Gradenigos Triad Gradenigo's syndrome seated retro orbital pain Graves Disease Triad Goiter, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema Graves' disease Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, CNS Triad of opioid overdose Opioid overdose depression Focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas Triad of granulomatosis with Granulomatosis with in the lung and upper airway, necrotizing polyangiitis polyangiitis glomerulonephritis Normal pressure Hakim Triad (Adams Triad) Urinary incontinence, Gait disturbance, Dementia hydrocephalus Triad (Triad of Sandblom) Malena, Obstructive jaundice, Biliary colic Hemobilia Triad of Meigs' Syndrome ascites, pleural effusion, benign ovarian tumor Meigs' syndrome Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia, Kidney failure (But see Hemolytic–uremic Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome Triad Pentad of TTP below) syndrome Horner's Syndrome Triad ptosis (eyelid), miosis, anhydrosis Horner's syndrome Hutchison's teeth, Interstitial keratitis, Nerve Hutchinson's triad Congenital syphilis deafness Triad of bronchiectasis, Recurrent sinusitis, and, Kartagener Syndrome Triad Kartagener syndrome Situs inversus, Triad of bilateral hip, thigh, and buttock claudication, Leriche's syndrome Triad impotence, and symmetric atrophy of the bilateral Leriche's syndrome lower extremities due to chronic ischemia Mackler's triad vomiting, pain and subcutaneous emphysema Boerhaave syndrome Three C's of Measles cough, coryza, conjunctivitis Measles Meltzer's triad purpura, arthralgias, weakness/myalgias Cryoglobulinemia Triad of Reactive arthritis Urethritis, conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, arthritis Reactive arthritis Saint's Triad Gall stones, Diverticulosis, Hiatus hernia Samter's triad (also known as Aspirin-exacerbated Acetylsalicylic acid triad or Widal's Aspirin sensitivity, Nasal polyps, Asthma respiratory disease triad or Francis' triad or Aspirin triad) Tetany in Children - Triad Stridor, Carpopedal spasm, Convulsions Tetany Trauma triad of death Coagulopathy, Hypothermia, Acidosis Death Black locks, Occulo-cutaneous Albinism, Deafness of Triad of Albinism Albinism sensorineural type  Name Triad Disease Sensorineural deafness, Progressive kidney failure, Triad of Alport Syndrome Alport syndrome Ocular anomalies Triad of Behcet's Syndrome Recurrent oral ulcers, Genital ulcers, Iridocyclitis Behçet's disease Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency Glossitis, Alopecia, Dermatitis Biotin deficiency Palpable purpura on buttock/legs, arthralgias, Triad of Henoch–Schönlein purpura IgA vasculitis abdominal pain Triad of Hypernephroma Pain, hematuria, renal mass Hypernephroma Triad of Kwashiorkor Growth retardation, Mental changes, Edema Kwashiorkor Plummer–Vinson Triad of Plummer–Vinson syndrome Iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal webs syndrome Triad of Renal cell carcinoma hematuria, palpable abdominal mass, flank pain Renal cell carcinoma Triple Test (for diagnosis of downs Estimation of hcg, Estriol, and AFP Down's Syndrome syndrome) Conductive deafness, Immobility of homolateral soft Nasopharyngeal Trotter's triad palate, Trigeminal neuralgia carcinoma Unhappy Triad (Also known as Injury to the ACL, MCL, and meniscus (either medial Knee Injury O'Donoghue's triad or a blown knee) or lateral) Virchow's triad Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Vessel injury Venous thrombosis Wernicke Triad of Wernicke encephalopathy Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia encephalopathy Hypoglycaemia during attacks, resolution of Whipple's Triad symptoms upon correction of blood glucose, Insulinoma symptoms brought about by low glucose states. Triad of Aortic stenosis Chest pain, Heart failure, Syncope Aortic stenosis Murphy's triad Pain-> Vomiting -> Fever Acute appendicitis soft fluctuant swelling in umbilical region, swelling Tillaux's triad moves perpendicular to messentery, zone of Mesenteric cyst resonance all around swelling small bowel obstruction, a gallstone outside the Rigler's triad Gallstone ileus gallbladder, and air in the bile ducts Chronic peptic ulcer, chronic appendicitis and chronic Wilkie's syndrome (SMA syndrome) gastro-vascular disorder calcular cholecystitis Tetrads Name Tetrad Disease Tetralogy of pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, Tetralogy of Fallot overriding aorta Fallot Ménière's Ménière's vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating low frequency hearing loss, aural fullness disease disease zoonotic tetrad scrub typhus, chiggers, rodents and birds, scrub vegetation Pentads Name Pentad Disease Remembered by the mnemonic "FAT RN" (or alternatively "ART Thrombotic Pentad of TTP FaN"); Fever, Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), thrombocytopenic Thrombocytopenia, Renal failure, Neurologic disturbances purpura Omphalocele, Anterior diaphragmatic hernia, Sternal cleft, Thoracoabdominal Pentalogy of Cantrell Ectopia cordis, Intracardiac defect. syndrome Fallot's tetralogy with a patent foramen ovale or Atrial septal Pentalogy of Fallot defect. Pentad of Primary "Stones", "Bones", "Abdominal groans", "Thrones", "Psychiatric Primary hyperparathyroidism overtones" hyperparathyroidism Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal pain, Fever, Jaundice, Shock Acute suppurative Reynold's Pentad and Depression of central nervous system function cholangitis See also Medical eponyms Pathognomonic List of eponymously named medical signs References 1. Wallenstein, Matthew B.; McKhann, Guy M. (July 2010). "Salomón Hakim and the discovery of normal-pressure hydrocephalus". Neurosurgery. 67 (1): 155–159, discussion 159. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000370058.12120.0e (https://doi.org/10.1227%2F01.neu.0000370058.1 2120.0e). ISSN 1524-4040 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1524-4040). PMID 20568668 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20568668).