Lesson 2 - Renaissance in Northern Europe PDF

The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650) Lesson 2: The Renaissance in Northern Europe  Lesson 2: The Renaissance in Northern Europe Learning Objectives Describe the themes that northern European artists, humanists, and writers explored. Explain how the printing revolution...

The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650) Lesson 2: The Renaissance in Northern Europe  Lesson 2: The Renaissance in Northern Europe Learning Objectives Describe the themes that northern European artists, humanists, and writers explored. Explain how the printing revolution shaped European society. Key Terms Flanders Sir Thomas More Albrecht Dürer utopian engraving William Shakespeare Erasmus Johannes Gutenberg  Artists of the Northern Renaissance In the mid-1300s, the Black Death had reduced the population of Europe by one-third and brought the economy to a standstill. Italy recovered fairly quickly and was soon the center of the Renaissance and its creative upsurge. Only after 1450 did northern Europe enjoy the economic growth that had earlier supported the Renaissance in Italy. By the 1400s, northern Europe began to enjoy the economic growth needed to develop its own Renaissance. Flanders A region that included parts of present-day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands It was an important industrial and financial center of northern Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance From Flanders, the Renaissance spread to Spain, France, Germany, and England, which enjoyed cultural rebirth during the 1500s.  Artists of the Northern Renaissance Flemish Painters Jan van Eyck He portrayed townspeople as well as religious scenes abound in rich details that add to the realism of his art. He developed new techniques for using oil paint to produce strong colors and a hard-surfaced paint that could survive for centuries Pieter Bruegel He used vibrant colors to portray lively scenes of peasant life, earning him the nickname “Peasant Bruegel.” The Arnolfini Portrait by: Jan Van Eyck https://www.vintag.es/2020/02/1970s-taipei.html Jan van Eyck Pieter Bruegel  Artists of the Northern Renaissance Analyze Information Pieter Bruegel painted this scene of Flemish working life called The Harvesters in 1565. What are some Renaissance characteristics of this painting? Albrecht Dürer: A “German Leonardo” (1471–1528) born in Nuremberg, Germany A painter, draftsman, and writer, his greatest artistic impact was in engraving a method of making prints from metal plates He traveled to Italy, studied the Italian masters, and helped spread Renaissance ideas to northern Europe. He is well-known for applying the painting techniques he had learned in Italy to engraving.  Famous works Adam and Eve 1. The Apocalypse  Northern Renaissance Humanists and Writers Northern European humanist scholars stressed education and classical learning like the Italian humanists. At the same time, they emphasized religious themes. They believed that the revival of ancient learning should be used to bring about religious and moral reform. He is a Dutch priest, writer, and scholar who promoted humanism. He wrote texts on various subjects and produced a new Greek edition of the Christian Bible. He also called for translating the Bible into the vernacular, or everyday language, to help spread learning, ideas, and education. He also wanted to reform Church corruption. Desiderius Erasmus c.1466–1536) Desiderius Erasmus - He believed an individual's chief duties were to be open-minded and to show goodwill toward others. Erasmus’ best-known work In Praise of Folly “I disagree very much uses humor to explore the ignorant, with those who are immoral behavior of people. unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the Erasmus taught that an uneducated.” For him, individual’s chief duties “the strength of the were to be Christian religion” open-minded and should not be based on show good will toward people’s ignorance of others. it, but on their ability to study it on their own.  He wrote Utopia , describing an ideal society in which men and women live in peace and harmony The word utopian came to mean idealistic or visionary. He was knighted in 1521. Sir Thomas More (1478–1535) an English humanist. He became a lawyer, scholar, writer, and member of British parliament during the reign of Henry VIII. Rabelais’s Comic Masterpiece François Rabelais (rab uh lay) French humanist had a varied career as a monk, a physician, a Greek scholar, and an author. Gargantua and Pantagruel he chronicles the adventures of two gentle giants uses his characters to offer opinions on religion, education, and other serious subjects  Shakespeare Explores Universal Themes born in England, became a famous poet and playwright during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I Between 1590 and 1613, he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world He invented words and phrases still used today. Like other Renaissance writers, he took a William Shakespeare (1564-1616) humanist approach to his characters. He is a genius in expressing universal themes in everyday realistic settings. His characters speak in language that common people can understand and appreciate Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream laugh at the follies and joys of young people in love. History plays: Richard III, chronicle the power struggles of English kings. Macbeth depicts an ambitious couple whose desire for political power leads them to murder Tragedies: Hamlet show human beings crushed by powerful forces or their weakness Romeo and Juliet two teenagers fall victim to an old family feud  The Printing Revolution The great works of Renaissance literature reached a large audience. The reason for this was a crucial breakthrough in technology—the development of printing in Europe. The New Technology Johannes Gutenberg (c.1400–1468) born in Germany. He became a goldsmith, printer, and publisher. His pioneering invention of a printing press with moveable type changed the world. Around 1456, Gutenberg printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible using his press. Result: Mass production of books The Printing Revolution Johannes Gutenberg with the first printing press in 1450s Mainz, Germany The Printing Revolution  The Printing Revolution: Impact of the Printed Book ? BEFORE ? AFTER ? A. Hand made ? A. Printed- Easy to ? B. Rare and Expensive produce ? C. Few people can read ? B. Cheaper ? C. More people learned to read Printed books exposed Europeans to new ideas and new places.  The Printing Revolution: Impact of the Printed Book 1. Spread of knowledge: Facilitated rapid dissemination of knowledge and Renaissance ideas. 2. Reformation: Enabled the spread of reformist literature and ideas, crucial for the Protestant Reformation. 3. Standardization: Contributed to standardizing languages and preserving ancient texts.  CONCLUSION The Northern Renaissance was marked by focusing on realism, religious themes, and the fusion of Gothic and Renaissance ideas. Artists, humanists, and technological advancements left a lasting legacy on European culture. The Printing Revolution was crucial in spreading Renaissance ideas and the rise of the Enlightenment.  Classroom Activity: Create a Future Timeline of Yourself and the World Objective: Students will create a timeline that envisions their personal future alongside major world events and trends. Step 1: Brainstorming ❖ Personal Milestones ❖ Global Events and Trends Step 2: Creating the Timeline ❖ Drawing the Timeline ❖ Adding Personal Milestones ❖ Adding Global Events and Trends Step 3: Presentation Step 4: Reflection and Discussion