Lesson 2 Part 1 Basic Components of a Computer System.pptx

Lesson 2 Components of a Computer System TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Learning Objec...

Lesson 2 Components of a Computer System TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Identify the different components of a computer system. Explain the function of each component. Describe how the components work together. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Topics: Computer Hardware and Software Fundamentals 1. Basic components of a computer system 2. Operating systems and software applications 3. Computer maintenance and troubleshooting TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  What is COMPUTER HARDWARE? TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  It is the physical components of a computer system. It includes the parts that you can touch and see, such as the case, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and Computer printer. Hardware It includes the parts that are hidden inside the computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and hard drive. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Motherboard - the main circuit board on the computer. ∙ The CPU, memory, and storage components, among other things, all connect into the motherboard. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Central Processing Unit (CPU) - the brain of the computer. ∙ It is responsible for carrying out instructions and performing calculations. ∙ It is often referred to as the processor. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Computer Memory Primary memory is the memory that the CPU can access directly. Secondary memory is the memory that is used to store data and instructions permanently. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Primary memory is the memory that the CPU can access directly. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System two main types of primary memory Read-Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System two main types of primary memory 1. Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM is the computer's short-term memory. It stores data and instructions that are currently being used by the CPU. All its content will be erased once POWER is TURN- Random access memory (RAM) computer hardware OFF BOBET REYES LANTO TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Examples of RAM TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System two main types of primary memory 2. Read-Only Memory (ROM) ROM retains its contents when the power is turned off. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  BIOS BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the program a computer's microprocessor uses to start the computer system after it is powered on. It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system (OS) and attached devices, such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and printer TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  BIOS Exampl e TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Secondary memory Secondary memory is the memory that is used to store data and instructions permanently. Hard disk drives (HDDs) computer hardware TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Secondary memory Hard Disk Drive (HDD): The hard disk drive is the computer's long-term memory. It stores data and programs that are not currently being used by the CPU. Hard disk drives (HDDs) computer hardware TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Secondary memory SSDs: Solid-state drives (SSDs) It smaller and faster than HDDs, and they do not have moving parts. This makes them more durable and less Solid-state drives (SSDs) computer hardware susceptible to damage. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Secondary memory Optical drives It used to read and write data on optical discs, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Optical drives computer hardware  Main Components of a Computer System Secondary memory Flash Disk A storage module made of flash memory chips. Flash disks have no mechanical platters or access arms, but the term "disk" is used because the data are accessed as if they were on a hard drive. The disk storage structure is emulated. The first flash disks were housed in Type II PC Cards for expanding laptop storage Flask Disk computer hardware  Main Components of a Computer System Other Types of Memory TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System other types of memory Cache Memory Cache memory is a small amount of high-speed memory that is used to store data and instructions that are frequently accessed by the CPU. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System other types of memory Registers Registers are small, high-speed memory locations that are used to store data and instructions that are being used by the CPU. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Input Devices TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Keyboard The keyboard is the input device that allows you to type text and enter commands into the computer. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Mouse A mouse is a device that is used to point and click on objects on a computer screen. It is used to navigate the user interface and select commands.. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Touchscreen A touchscreen is a device that is used to input text and commands by touching the screen. It is becoming increasingly popular as a replacement for the keyboard and mouse. Touchscreen computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Scanner A scanner is a device that is used to scan documents or photos into a computer. It can be used to digitize text, images, and other documents. Scanner computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Webcam: A webcam is a device that is used to capture video and audio. It can be used for video chat, video conferencing, and recording videos. Webcam computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Microphone A microphone is a device that is used to record sound. It can be used to record voice, music, and other sounds. Microphone computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Joystick A joystick is a device that is used to control the movement of an object on a computer screen. It is often used for games and simulations. Joystick computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Gamepad A gamepad is a device that is similar to a joystick, but it has more buttons and controls. It is often used for games that require more complex input. Gamepad computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Light pen A light pen is a device that is used to input text and commands by pointing it at the screen. It is not as common as other input devices, but it is still used in some specialized applications. Light pen computer input device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Output Devices TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Monitor: The monitor is the output device that displays the computer's output. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Printer: The printer is the output device that prints text and images to paper TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Speakers Speakers are devices that are used to output sound. They are used to play music, movies, and other audio files Speakers computer output device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Headphones: Headphones are devices that are used to listen to audio privately. They are often used when listening to music or watching movies in a quiet environment. Headphones computer output device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Projector A projector is a device that is used to project images onto a screen. It is often used for presentations, lectures, and movies. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Graph Plotter: A graph plotter is a device that is used to create high-quality drawings and graphs. It is often used by engineers and scientists. Graph Plotter computer output device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Braille Display: A braille display is a device that is used to output text in braille. It is used by people who are blind or visually impaired. Braille Display computer output device TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Tactile Output Device: A tactile output device is a device that is used to output text Example of Tactile Device or images in a tactile format. It is used by people who are blind Haptic technology (also kinesthetic communication or 3D touch) is technology that can create an experience or visually impaired. of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System These are just some of the many different computer output devices that are available. The specific output devices that are used will vary depending on the type of computer and the tasks that the user is performing. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Optional Upgrade TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System In addition to these main components, there are a lot of other types of computer hardware which can be optional upgrade to our computer system, such as:  Main Components of a Computer System Graphics card: The graphics card is responsible for displaying graphics on the monitor. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Sound card: The sound card is responsible for producing sound TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Network card: The network card allows the computer to connect to a network TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Modem: The modem allows the computer to connect to the internet TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System Webcam: The webcam allows you to capture video and images from the computer. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System The Motherboard (MB) TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Main Components of a Computer System What is a Motherboard (MB) TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  The Motherboard - the main circuit board on the computer - The CPU, memory, and storage components, among other things, all connected into the motherboard. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  The Motherboard - A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  The Motherboard Components and Their Functions TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025 Motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard CPU socket: ∙ This is where the central processing unit (CPU) is installed. CPU socket computer motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard CPU or Central Processing Unit or simply called PROCESSOR CPU socket in computer motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard RAM or Memory slots: These are where the random-access memory (RAM) modules are installed. RAM or memory slots on the computer motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Expansion slots: ∙ These are used to install expansion cards, such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards. ∙ Expansion cards provide additional features and functionality to the Expansion slots computer motherboard computer. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Other common types of expansion slots include: ∙ PCI slots ∙ AGP slots ∙ ISA slots TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Other common types of expansion slots include: PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots are older than PCIe slots, but they are still used to install some types of devices, such as TV tuners and RAID controllers. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Other common types of expansion slots include: AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port ) slots were once used for video cards, but they are now obsolete. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Other common types of expansion slots include: ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) slots: ISA slots are even older than AGP slots, and they are rarely used today. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard The Northbridge and the Southbridge of Motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Northbridge and Southbridge TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Northbridge The northbridge typically handles communications between the CPU, RAM, AGP (Video Card) or PCI Express, and the southbridge. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Southbridge: The southbridge is slower than the northbridge, and information from the CPU has to go through the northbridge before reaching the southbridge. Other buses connect the southbridge to the PCI bus, the USB ports and the IDE or SATA hard disk connections. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard CPU Heat Sink: A CPU heat sink is a device that helps to cool the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. CPUs generate a lot of heat CPU heat sink when they are in use, and if they are not properly cooled, they can overheat and damage the components. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Hard drive slot: A hard drive slot is a connector on a computer's motherboard that allows you to install a hard drive. Hard drives are used to store data on a computer, such as the operating TEC system, 200 – Technological applications, Competency Education 1 and BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Power Connector: A motherboard power connector is a connector on a computer's motherboard that provides power to the motherboard from the power supply. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Power Connector: There are two main types of motherboard power connectors: the 24-pin ATX connector and the 4/8-pin EPS connector. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Power Connector: 24-pin ATX connector The ATX 24-pin connector is the main power connector that connects the PSU to the motherboard. It supplies power to the CPU, memory, chipset, and other onboard devices. It has 24 pins, arranged in two rows of 12 TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Power Connector: 4/8-pin EPS connector: 4 pin to 8 pin ATX converter cable that allows a PSU with a 4 pin Female P4 12v AUX Power connector to be used with a motherboard that requires an 8 pin Male EPS connector. Power a 8-pin fan with a standard PC power supply 4-pin connector. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Parts of the Motherboard Power Connector: 4/8-pin EPS connector: 4 pin to 8 pin ATX converter cable that allows a PSU with a 4 pin Female P4 12v AUX Power connector to be used with a motherboard that requires an 8 pin Male EPS connector. Power a 8-pin fan with a standard PC power supply 4-pin connector. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports: TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports: Input/output (I/O) ports are connectors on a computer that allow you to connect external devices, such as a monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, Input/Output Ports and speakers. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports: There are many different types of I/O ports, but some of the most common ones include: 1. DisplayPort 6. VGA port 2. Ethernet 7. PS/2 3. Audio port 8. Serial port 4. USB port 9. Parallel port 5. HDMI TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports: DisplayPort: DisplayPort are like HDMI ports, but they are becoming more common on newer computers and monitors. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports: Ethernet: Ethernet ports are used to connect computers to networks. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports Audio ports: Audio ports are used to connect headphones, speakers, and microphones to computers. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports USB: USB ports are the most common type of I/O port. They are used to connect a wide variety of devices, including keyboards, mice, printers, scanners, and external hard drives. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports HDMI: (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) ports are used to connect monitors and TVs to computers. is a digital audio/video connection interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, commonly found on televisions, projectors, Blu-ray players, and other home entertainment devices. What many may not realize is that HDMI ports can serve different functions - as either an input or an output TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports PS/2 ports (for mouse and keyboard) PS/2 ports are designed to connect the digital I/O lines of the microcontroller in the external device directly to the digital lines of the microcontroller on the motherboard TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports Serial port (mainly used for analog modems) A serial port carries out a serial communication interface and can transfer only one bit at a time TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports Parallel port Parallel port is simply a port where we can connect old printer TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  Input / Output Ports VGA port (analog monitors) The Video Graphics Array (VGA) port is a standard connector used for computer video output. Originating with the 1987 IBM PS/2 and its VGA graphics system, the 15-pin connector went on to become ubiquitous on PCs, as well as many monitors, projectors and HD television sets. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  “Computer hardware is constantly evolving, and new technologies are being developed all the time”. TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025  End of Lesson 2 Part 1 TEC 200 – Technological Competency Education 1 BOBET REYES LANTO 1st SEMESTER CY 2024-2025