Disaster Readiness And Risk Reduction PDF

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION What comes to your mind when you think of careers that handle disasters? A resilient Philippines  NDRRMP 2011-2018 Department of Science and Prevention and Mitigation Technology (DOST) Department of Interior Local Disaster Prepa...

DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION What comes to your mind when you think of careers that handle disasters? A resilient Philippines  NDRRMP 2011-2018 Department of Science and Prevention and Mitigation Technology (DOST) Department of Interior Local Disaster Preparedness Government (DILG) Department of Social Welfare and Disaster Response Development (DSWD) National Economic and Development Rehabilitation and Recovery Authority (NEDA) Understanding How Hazards Turn into Disasters Have you or someone you know experienced a disaster? Have you ever felt completely powerless during a disaster?  After a disaster occurs, infrastructure and order may be established but the lives of people cannot be brought back. You can neither stop nor control the hazards. However, you can perform preventive measures based on your knowledge of exposure, vulnerability and capacity Hazards around us come from sources that are natural and man-made. Disasters occur because varying levels of exposure and vulnerability. Basic Concept of Hazard Lesson 1 Objectives 1. Define and cite examples of hazards 2. Explain the impact of various hazards on people and the environment DISASTER  DISASTER should be seen as results of the interaction between physical/natural events and the vulnerability of population including its infrastructure, environment, and economy.  Natural Phenomena Are those that occur or manifest without human input (Immanuel Kant) A natural phenomenon is an observable event that is not man-made Examples: gravity, tides, moons, planets, volcanic lightning, sandstorms, biological processes and countless other events. Not all natural phenomena are destructive in nature When Does a Natural Event Become a Hazard? It does not pose a threat to anything or anybody if there is nothing or no one nearby. Once you park a car or stand right beside it, it becomes a hazard. The threat of damage, injury, and even death now exists. It becomes a HAZARD  United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) Hazards constitute “potentially damaging physical events, phenomenon or human activities that may cause injury or loss of life, damage to property, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation” Hazards present a constant threat to one’s safety and survival To reduce the negative effects of hazards, one’s level of vulnerability and exposure must be assessed as this determines the level of disaster risk. The presence of hazards is difficult to control, the best course of action is to reduce vulnerability and exposure for lower overall disaster risk When does a hazard become a disaster? A disaster happens when the probable destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable populated area The occurrence of a disaster depends on the interplay between a natural phenomenon (that can turn into a hazard) and the vulnerability of populations exposed (exposure and vulnerability) Does a natural event like a volcanic eruption or tsunami which hits an uninhabited area qualify as a disaster? It becomes a disaster only if it hits vulnerable population and properties in short, if there are victims. Can we prevent DISASTER from happening? Studying the nature and character of a hazardous natural phenomenon is essential in preventing it from turning into a disaster. It also helps people to know when to apply evasive actions or to recognize and do something about their vulnerabilities. Failure to do so could be very costly. Characteristics of Disaster Disasters are inherently unexpected or come quickly with little or no warning. As a result, both man-made and those resulting from natural events cause widespread death, injury, and property damage.  Characteristics of Disaster It cannot be managed through normal means. These require immediate and effective intervention of both the national government agencies (NGAS) and the non- government organizations (NGOs) to help meet the needs of the victims. Disasters create demands beyond the capacity of a government. Characteristics of Disaster The following also characterize disaster….. 1. Knows no political boundary. 2. Requires restructured and new responding organizations. 3. Creates new tasks and requires more people as disaster responders. 4. Renders inutile routine emergency response equipment and facilities. Characteristics of Disaster The following also characterize disaster….. 5. Worsens confusion in understanding roles of peoples and organizations. 6. Exposes lack of disaster planning, response and coordination. Inexperienced disaster organizations often fail to see what their proper roles are. Disaster Class Sub-Disaster Hazard Factors Class Geophysics Earthquake Plot Movement Volcanic Activity Hydrological Flood Natural Hazard Landslide Factors Storm Surge Meteorology Convective Storm Outside the tropical storm Extreme Temperature Fog Climate Tropical Wind Drought Wildfire Ice lake flood Alien Planet Class Planet Collision Space Weather Disaster Class Sub-Disaster Hazard Factors Class Soil Erosion Deforestation Salinization Environmental Environmental Desertification Hazard Factors Degradation Asian dust cloud Wetland Reduction/degradation Glacier subsided/melted  Disaster Class Sub-Disaster Hazard Factors Class Infectious Disease Epidemic/Pandemic Animal-related epidemic/pandemic Injurious Insect Biological Hazard Biology Pests Factors Animal Event Pollution  Disaster Class Sub-Disaster Hazard Factors Class Technical Hazard Industrial disaster Factors Structure Collapse Power Failure Fire Man-made Hazard Explosion (Humanistic- Mine disaster Warfare Hazard Factor) Terrorist Attack Incendiarism Chemical Radiation Chemical Leakage Hazard Factors Oil Spill Radiation Pollution Major Traffic Aviation accident Accidents Railway accident Road accident Sailing accident Space accident There have been other ways of classifying hazards based on communities. For other community-based approaches, the work of Shi (2019) provides a consensus on classification methods. Depending on the natural and man-made hazards present in the community, responsible individuals may create a single- hazard risk analysis as part of the methodology for reducing risks (UNDRR, 2017) Hazard Analysis Exposure Analysis Vulnerability Analysis Capacity Analysis The required information for a hazard analysis can be gathered by collating historical reports from LGUs and various media agencies Community-based disaster history table Hazard and Vulnerability Map Factor-based Analysis BOOK REFERENCES Arabit, P. M. (2023). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction, New Edition. Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc. Rimando, R. E. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction, First Edition. Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc. Activity 1 Year Disaster Affected Damage/Losses (Prospective Community Areas (Scale) Hazards) 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic 100% of the 268 people tested positive (Biological Hazard Factor) community 46 deaths 300 untested 2009 Flood due to Typhoon 100% of the 150 houses damaged Ondoy community 100 missing people 56 deaths 10 drowned children 10 damaged business establishments