Basic Concepts of Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction PDF

Basic Concepts of Disaster  Readiness and Risk Reduction Angelo Freidrich Ambalong  Activity Activity 1: Classifying Phenomena according to Hazards  Classify the following phenomena in a table. Classify them in any way the group wants but...

Basic Concepts of Disaster  Readiness and Risk Reduction Angelo Freidrich Ambalong  Activity Activity 1: Classifying Phenomena according to Hazards  Classify the following phenomena in a table. Classify them in any way the group wants but the group has to describe the basis of their classification. A. Ground shaking B. Tornado C. Landslide D. Flood E. Indoor fire F. Lava flow G. Industrial pollution H. Typhoon I. Forest fire J. Liquefaction K. Storm surge L. Tsunami M. Extreme rainfall Activity 2: Identifying Impacts of Hazards. Identify the impacts  of certain phenomena or hazards on specific settings.   Why do we need to study DRRR?   Philippines is one of the most hazardous countries in the world More than 20 tropical cyclones in a year Earthquakes everyday More than 20 active volcanoes found all over the country.  What is disaster?  The UNISDR (2009) defines a  disaster as: “A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community to cope using only its own resources.” Highlights of the definition:  “a serious disruption” - One can therefore expect a disaster event to be something which significantly changes the “normal”. It is an event which the majority of the affected community will perceive as removing them from the “normal”. Highlights  of the definition: “exceeds the ability” – If the event “exceeds the ability” of the affected community to handle the consequences by making use of all their resources, then the event can be classified as “a disaster”. Highlights of the definition:  “community” –A community is a collection of people sharing common interests and values. Despite being culturally diverse, mobile or unstable, members of a community communicate with or on behalf of each other in order to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome – they are bound together by a common goal, their sense of belonging and a sense of place. Key Concepts:  By definition, there will be no perfect ideal system that prevents damage, because then it would not be a disaster. It has to reduce our ability to recover before it can be called as a disaster. Disasters are not totally discrete events. Key Concepts:  Their possibility of occurrence, time, place and severity of the strike can be reasonably and in some cases predicted by technological and scientific advances. Key Concepts: It has been established there is a definite pattern in their occurrences and hence we can reduce the impact of damage though we cannot reduce the extent of damage itself.   Key Concepts: Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental and social wellbeing, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruption and environmental degradation. There are two risk factors underlying disasters:  the hazards and vulnerability. Hazards are the potentially damaging exogenous events whose probable characteristics and frequency of occurrence can be estimated. Vulnerability is an intrinsic characteristic of the elements at risk that determine how damaged they would be if they experienced a hazard event of some level.  Different Hazards   BIOLOGICAL HAZARD (“bios” - life) Process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors/agents, including exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances Natural, usually from living sources Ebola Virus, flu virus, rabies   Biological hazard Examples of biological hazards include outbreaks of epidemic diseases, plant or animal contagion, insect or other animal plagues and infestations.   GEOLOGICAL HAZARD (“ge” - Earth) Geological process or Phenomenon Natural process, originates from the solid earth-geosphere. Ballistic projectiles (Rocks from an erupting volcano), ground shaking, landslide, lava flow, liquefaction.   Geological hazard Geological hazards include internal earth processes, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity and emissions, and related geophysical processes such as mass movements, landslides, rockslides, surface collapses, and debris or mudflows.   Hydrometeorological Hazard (“hydor” - water), (“meteoros” - sky) Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature. Natural process, but involved with the atmosphere and/or hydrosphere. Tornado, flood, typhoon, forest fire, tsunami  Hydrometeorological hazards  Hydrometeorological hazards include tropical cyclones (also known as typhoons and hurricanes), thunderstorms, hailstorms, tornados, blizzards, heavy snowfall, avalanches, and coastal storm surges, floods including flash floods, drought, heat waves and cold spells.   Technological hazard Examples of technological hazards include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, and chemical spills. Technological hazards also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event.  Disaster Risk – is the potential  loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, and capacity. Disaster Risk Reduction – is  aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.   Disaster Risk Management - is the application of disaster risk reduction policies and strategies, to prevent new disaster risks, reduce existing disaster risks, and manage residual risks, contributing to the strengthening of resilience and reduction of losses. Exposure  - is the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas. Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest.  Search  the news of any recent or historical disastrous event (Year 2010 or later). Cut from the newspaper or print a portion of the news website where the news was taken. Make a flash report using the 3-2-1 Journal. 3 THINGS I LEARNED ABOUT THE EVENT 2 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE EVENT 1 QUESTION I WANT TO ASK ABOUT THE EVENT  Performance  Task - Identifying Impacts of Hazards Create a role-play depicting Earthquakes and Typhoons' impacts on specific settings assigned to your group. A. There should be one reporter, who will explain what the group is representing after the performance. B. The rest of the group, actors, will take on roles, whether of living or non-living things. But there should always be at least one human in every situation. For example, they can be all humans, or one human and the rest are animals, plants, or inanimate objects. C. No member is needed to represent the hazard. D. Theactors must represent what is happening to the living and non-living things caught in the given situation. The assumption is that they are unable to avoid the situation. E. 5-6 minutes to make a depiction. F. Each group should submit the list of roles to the teacher. This will be used as a guide for grading. Basis for scoring Content (20) All depictions appeared to be accurate and believable. Delivery and performance (10) Props and costume (10) Scenarios.  1: Family in a concrete house near the highway far from river and mountain. 2: Mountain climbers going up the slope. 3: A local family home in the barrio near the river. 4: Friends in a beach resort. 5: Fishermen out on the sea. 6: Passengers in a jeep along a road with moderate traffic. 7: Students inside a concrete classroom in an urbanized city  Thank You, Stay safe, and God bless You all!