Fabric Terminology and Uses Lecture Notes PDF

CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION SUMMARY www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION Fabrics are identified based on; Inherent Structure; structure relates to the fabrics method of construction – Herringbone – created by a specific interlaci...

CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION SUMMARY www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION Fabrics are identified based on; Inherent Structure; structure relates to the fabrics method of construction – Herringbone – created by a specific interlacing pattern www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Fiber Content; this is when the name of the fiber is used to name the fabric – China Silk – always a plain weave made of silk – Linen China silk Linen www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Fabrics can be named based on their country of Origin. – Damask – Damascus – Gauze – Gaza – Paisley – a city in Scotland Damask Gauze Paisley www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Finishes Flannelette; Brushed cotton is another name for flannelette. The brushing procedure is a finishing process that leaves a simple plain weave fabric with a soft pile on the surface, which traps heat and gives it a pleasant, cozy feel. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Flannel A medium-weight, plain or twill weave fabric that is typically made from cotton, a cotton blend, or wool. The fabric has a very soft hand, brushed on both sides to lift the fiber ends out of the base fabric and create a soft, fuzzy surface. FLANNEL www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Method of coloration – Madras – uses several yarn-dyed colours in both directions – Chambray – has a white weft and coloured warp – Gingham – uses alternating blocks of white and colour in both directions to form a checked pattern. Madras Chambray Gingham www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Yarn construction; When the spinning quality such as twist is used to identify a fabric – Voile –has a hard twisted yarns – Batiste – is much softer – Bengaline – made of a spun weft and filament warp medium weight Voile Batiste Bengaline www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Print – Calico – a fabric made of floral print and a light weight plain weave cotton like fabric. www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Print – Herringbone – Pinstripe – Bengal – Stripes – Argyle – Polka dots www.knust.edu.gh  CRITERIA FOR FABRIC IDENTIFICATION CONT’D Weight; one of the most significant criteria – Broadcloth – lighter weight fabric (shirting)- finer – Poplin – slightly heavier than broadcloth fabric – Denim – Heavier Thin Top weight Light weight Heavy aka. bull denim Bottom weight www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS Brocade Brocade is a decorative fabric heavy, exquisite jacquard type fabric has a raised woven design typically with gold or silver thread: resembles embroidery. Common end-uses include such formal applications as upholstery, draperies, and eveningwear. Brocade is a decorative fabric often made from silk, cotton viscose or polyester. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Damask A glossy jacquard fabric, usually made from heavy linen, cotton, rayon, silk, or blends. The patterns are flat and reversible. Smoother and finer. used for table linen and upholstery. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Burlap A loosely constructed, heavy weight, plain weave fabric used as a carpet backing. Burlap has been used to make all kinds of sacks and bags for the purpose of shipping goods. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Cambric Fine, light weight closely woven fabric of linen or cotton with a high thread count. It is a plain weave fabric available in white and colors. Used chiefly for hand kerchiefs, children’s dresses, underwear and night gowns. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Canvas Cotton, linen, or synthetic fabric made with a basic plain weave in heavy and firm weight yarns for industrial or heavy duty purposes. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Chambray It incorporates a colored warp and white filling yarns A plain woven fabric that can be made from cotton, silk, or manufactured fibers, but is most commonly cotton. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Chiffon A plain woven lightweight, extremely sheer, airy, and soft silk fabric, containing highly twisted filament yarns. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Crepe A lightweight fabric of silk, rayon, cotton, wool, man-made, or blended fibers, and characterized by a crinkled surface. Crepe de chine a very sheer, pebbly, washable silk with the fabric degummed to produce crinkle. www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Organdy A stiffened, sheer, lightweight plain weave cotton fabric, with a medium to high yarn count. End uses include blouses, dresses, and curtains/draperies. Organza A crisp, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric. The fabric is used primarily in evening and wedding apparel for women. ORGANDY ORGANZA www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Tulle A lightweight, extremely fine, machine-made netting, usually with a hexagon shaped mesh effect. End-uses include dance costumes and veils. Velvet A medium weight cut-pile constructed fabric in which the cut pile stands up very straight. Velvet, a luxurious fabric, is commonly made with a filament fiber for high luster and smooth hand. TULLE VELVET www.knust.edu.gh  FABRICS CONT’D Voile A crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton-like fabric, made with high twist yarns in a high yarn count construction. It is similar in appearance to organdy and organza. Used in blouses dresses and curtains. Worsted A tightly woven fabric made by using only long staple, combed wool or wool-blend yarns. The fabric has a hard, smooth surface. Gabardine is an example of a worsted fabric. A common end use is men's tailored suits. VOILE WORSTED www.knust.edu.gh