Introduction to Anatomy - BUC PDF

School of Allied Sciences Introduction Anatomy Department 1 1) Identify the meaning of Anatomy and parts of the body 2) Know some Anatomical terms 3) Identify the different positions 2 ...

School of Allied Sciences Introduction Anatomy Department 1 1) Identify the meaning of Anatomy and parts of the body 2) Know some Anatomical terms 3) Identify the different positions 2  Anatomy It is the study of the structure of the body. Anatomy comes from the Greek word (Anatome) which means to dissect or cut apart. 3  Parts of the human body: Head Neck Trunk : Thorax Abdomen Pelvis & external genitalia 4 Extremities : 1) Upper limb: Shoulder joint Arm Elbow joint Forearm Wrist joint Hand Fingers 2) Lower limb: Gluteal region Hip joint Thigh Knee joint Leg Ankle joint Foot Toes 5  Anatomical position Image result for anatomical positions Means that the person is standing erect with arms are straight by sides, legs are close together, eyes and palms are facing forwards. 6 2) Supine position: means the body is lying on the back. 3) Prone position: means the body is lying on the front with face downwards 7  Anatomical Planes 1)Median (sagittal) plane is a vertical plane which passes anteroposteriorly through the body in the middle line dividing it into two equal right and left halves. Image result for coronal plane 8 2) Paramedian (parasagittal) plane is any vertical plane parallel to the median plane and divides the body into unequal right and left parts. Image result for parasagittal plane 9 3) Coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. Image result for coronal plane 10 4) Horizontal (transverse) plane is a plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts. Image result for coronal plane 11 Anatomical terms : - Medial : means towards the median plane. - Lateral : means away from the median plane Image result for medial and lateral 12 Anatomical terms : - Superior (cranial = cephalic): means towards the head. - Inferior (caudal): means towards the feet Image result for medial and lateral 13 Anatomical terms : - Proximal: means near (towards) the trunk. - Distal: means (away) far from the trunk. Image result for medial and lateral 14 Anatomical terms : - Anterior (ventral) : means towards the front of the body. - Posterior (dorsal): means towards the back of the body. 15 Anatomical terms : - Superficial: means towards the surface of the body. - Deep: means away from the surface of the body. 16 Other anatomical terms : - Ipsilateral: means of the same side of the body. - Contralateral : means of the opposite side of the body. Image result for ipsilateral contralateral 17  Anatomical movements Flexion Flexion / Extension Flexion: approximation of ventral surfaces and decrease Extension the angle between them. Extension: ventral surfaces move away from each others with increase in the angle between them. 18 Abduction / Adduction Adduction: moving toward the midline. Abduction: moving away from the midline. Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction 19 Rotation Medial rotation: movement of ventral surface toward the Lateral rotation midline. (in forearm: pronation, so that Medial rotation palm faces backwards. Lateral rotation: movement of Pronation ventral surface away from the midline. Supination (in forearm: supination, so that palm faces forwards. 20 Elevation / Depression Elevation: moving up. Depression: moving down. Protraction / Retraction Protraction: moving anteriorly. Retraction: moving posteriorly. 21 Circumduction: combined rotatory movement involving extension, abduction, flexion, adduction. 22 23