Medicinal Fruits Lecture Notes PDF

10/31/2024 Medicinal Fruits The mature and ripened ovary or ovaries of a 1 single flower or flowers By: Dr. Nahla...

10/31/2024 Medicinal Fruits The mature and ripened ovary or ovaries of a 1 single flower or flowers By: Dr. Nahla S. El-Gazzar Medicinal Lecturer of Pharmacognosy Fruits Fac. of Pharmacy Alex. University Its function is to protect, nourish and insure the distribution of the seed. 1 2 1  10/31/2024 Medicinal fruits (Active constituents) Volatile oil Flavonoids Phytosterols Anthracene Bitter and Alkaloids derivatives pungent principles Medicinal fruits containing volatile oils Apiaceae Bitter Saw Senna Colocynth Piperaceae fruits orange palmetto pod fruits peel (except??) Star- Grape fruit Cassia Capsicum Poppy Anise pod capsule Vanilla Hops Cocculus pod 3 4 2  10/31/2024 Family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Volatile oil Fennel ‫الشمر‬ (Characteristic aromatic odour) Dried ripe fruit of Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Cumin Caraway Coriander Anise Hemlock A. majus A. visnaga Dill 5 6 3  10/31/2024 Active constituents Medicinal uses For dyspepsia and flatulence. Volatile oil (2–6%): Expectorant for mild inflammation of upper transanethole (50–82%), (+)-fenchone (6– respiratory tract. 27%), estragole (3–20%). Anethole is a phytoestrogen (mildly mimics Flavonoids estrogen), so it is used for dysmenorrhea and as lactagogue. Others Used with purgatives to decrease their griping. 7 8 4  10/31/2024 Contraindications Warnings Owing to potential estrogenic effects of essential oil and anethole, it should not Pure essential oil from fruits be used in pregnancy, however, there are no known problems provided that doses may cause inflammation and taken do not greatly exceed amounts has an irritant action on GIT. used in foods. 9 10 5  10/31/2024 Anise ‫الينسون‬ Active Constituents Volatile oil (2–6%): Dried ripe fruit of trans-anethole (84–93%), estragole Pimpinella anisum (0.5–6.0%), linalool (0.1–1.5%) and p-anisaldehyde (0.1–3.5%). Coumarins. Flavonoids. 11 12 6  10/31/2024 Medicinal uses Contraindications Treatment of dyspepsia. In cases of known allergy to anise and Carminative. anethole (nasal inhalation causes irritation => Mild inflammation of the respiratory trichomes). tract. Pregnancy: Traditionally reputed to be abortifacient, Traditional uses: as an oestrogenic agent, promote lactation ; however, there are no reputed to increase milk secretion, known problems provided that doses taken do promote menstruation. not greatly exceed the amounts used in foods. 13 14 7  10/31/2024 An Adulterant for Anise Symptoms of poisoning Hemlock (Conium) ‫الشوكران‬ Following intake of toxic quantities (10 g of dried fruits) burning of mouth, scratchy throat, Dried unripe fruit of Conium maculatum visual disorders, weakness in legs. Toxic Plant!! Death results in cases of very high doses, depresses motor nerve endings leading to Contains: Piperidine alkaloids: main alkaloid respiratory paralysis. coniine, N-methylconiine, gamma-coniceine. Hemlock is obsolete because of the danger of poisoning 15 16 8  10/31/2024 How to detect adulteration?!! Caraway ‫الكراوية‬ Dried ripe fruit of Carum carvi Gives a positive Mayer's test for alkaloids. 17 18 9  10/31/2024 Constituents Medicinal uses Caraway water: considered a useful Volatile oil (4 to 7%): remedy in flatulent colic of infants. D-(+)-carvone, carveol, D-(+)- Treatment of digestive complaints Limonene. (antispasmodic action soothes digestive tract and carminative action relieves Fixed oil, polysaccharides, bloating). proteins. Treatment of bronchitis, an ingredient of Coumarins (traces). cough remedies, especially useful for children. 19 20 10  10/31/2024 Coriander ‫الكسبرة‬ Constituents Volatile oil: mainly linalol. Dried ripe fruit of Coriandrum Flavonoids. sativum Uses: used as a carminative for GIT disorders. 21 22 11  10/31/2024 Dill ‫الشبت‬ Constituents Dried ripe fruit of Anethum graveolens Essential oil (2–5%): carvone (20– 60%) dihydrocarvone, 1,8-cineole, p- cymene, limonene. Flavonoids. 23 24 12  10/31/2024 Uses Contraindications Treatment of dyspepsia, gastritis, Traditionally, extract of fruits have been flatulence and stomachache. used as a contraceptive. Therefore, its use during pregnancy is not Constituent of “Gripe Water” used to recommended in high doses. correct flatulence of infants. 25 26 13  10/31/2024 Ammi visnaga ‫بذر الخلة البلدي‬ Constituents Dried ripe fruit of Ammi visnaga γ-pyrones (furanochromone derivatives; up to 4%): Khellin (0.3–1.2%) and visnagin (0.05–0.30%), ammiol, khellol and its glucoside khellinin (0.3–1.0%). Coumarins (0.2–0.5%): pyranocoumarin Visnadin (0.3%). Essential oil: camphor, α-terpineol, linalool fixed oil (up to 18%). 27 28 14  10/31/2024 Chemical test Medicinal uses (Test for Khellin) 0.1 gm powdered khella + 5ml of water The drug relaxes smooth muscles Boil, 1 minute and lowers the tonicity of ureter, so filter used to ease passage of kidney calculi. 1 or 2 drops of Antispasmodic, smooth muscle relaxant. the filterate + pellet KOH A potent coronary vasodilator, has been used in treatment of Angina pectoris and Rose-red color bronchial asthma. 29 30 15  10/31/2024 Ammi majus Precautions ‫بذر الخلة البري‬ Exposure to sun or other sources of ultraviolet light should be avoided during treatment Dried ripe fruit of Ammi majus because khellin causes photosensitivity. 31 32 16  10/31/2024 Constituents Medicinal uses Treatment of skin disorders such as Furanocoumarins: vitiligo (acquired leukoderma) and psoriasis. PUVA therapy Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen, ammoidin) up to 1.15%). Imperatorin (ammidin; up to 0.75%). Bergapten (majudin, 5- MOP), up to 1.88%). 33 34 17  10/31/2024 Detection Warnings Lotions should be applied only under Furanocoumarins γ-pyrones direct supervision of a physician. (furanochromone) Serious burns may result from exposure Under UV light to UV-A light or sunlight, even through glass, if the correct dose and exposure schedule is not maintained. No blue Do not sunbathe for at least 24 hours Blue fluorescence fluorescence prior to therapy and 48 hours after. 35 36 18  10/31/2024 Warnings Drug interactions Avoid direct and indirect sunlight for up to 8 hours after oral and 48 hours after topical Toxicity may increase if fruits are treatment. administered with other photosensitizing agents. If sunlight cannot be avoided, protective clothing and/or sunscreen must be worn. eg. sulfanilamides, tetracyclines and thiazides Avoid ingestion of foods that contain furano- coumarins, eg. lemons, parsley, celery, and carrots. 37 38 19  10/31/2024 Contraindications In diseases associated with photosensitivity, cataract, squamous-cell cancer. Children under age of 12 years, pregnancy, nursing. Liver, kidney diseases, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and other autoimmune diseases. 39 40 20